Abstract. In this paper we report the biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) by the reduction of gold ions using a suspension and supernatant of P. aeruginosa. The biosynthesis method was straightforward and yielded good results without using toxic chemicals. The size distribution of the gold nanoparticles synthesized by P. aeruginosa at higher temperatures was larger than that synthesized at lower temperatures. The GNPs morphology was isotropic at various temperatures. With an increase in the temperature, the stability of the GNPs decreased. The absorption and fluorescence spectra accorded well with the size distribution of the particles, with the nanoparticle size increasing as the absorption and fluorescence increased too. The optical properties of the GNPs observed in the study accorded well with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. The visible photoluminescence (PL) around 435 nm indicated the possible use of the obtained colloids, which consisted of GNPs and capping biomaterial, in therapeutic applications. Moreover, the synthesized GNPs showed good antibacterial activity toward E. coli indicating their potential in biological applications.
Genetic polymorphism of 83 isolates of E. coli, derived from 4 species of artiodactyla animals living in a relatively close contact on the grounds of a theme park ZOO Safarii Swierkocin (Poland) was determined using the rep-PCR fingerprinting method, which utilizes oligonucleotide primers matching interspersed repetitive DNA sequences in PCR reaction to yield DNA fingerprints of individual bacterial isolates based on repetitive extragenic palindrome (REP) primers. The fingerprint patterns demonstrated the essential polymorphism of distribution of REP sequences in genomes of the examined isolates. The arithmetic averages clustering algorithm (UPGMA) statistical analysis of fingerprints with the use of the Jaccard similarity coefficient differentiated E. coli isolates into three similarity groups containing various numbers of isolates. The groups comprised isolates derived from two, three and four species of the source animals. The isolates derived from each source segregated in the dendrogram in a different way, both within the similarity groups and among them, indicating an individual repertoire of E. coli in the examined species of animals. The similarity relations among E. coli derived from the same source, illustrated in a dendrogram with a number of subclusters of a low mutual similarity (< or = 20%), indicated an essential interstrain differentiation in terms of the distribution of REP sequences. Our results confirmed the hypothesis of the oligoclonal characters of populations obtained from particular sources. The rep-PCR fingerprinting method with REP primers is simple and highly differentiating and can be recommended for use in explorations of large groups of animals and monitoring the variability of strains.
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