The article presents concept of the basics of qualitology and grey incidence clustering model application in the recognition and assessment of marketing information quality. In the first part of the paper, the concept of qualitative (qualitological) modelling of marketing information quality is explained. The issues of quality, marketing information quality and the evaluated marketing information quality are presented. Several steps are specified to recognize and asses the marketing information quality. In the presented concept, an innovative solution is an integration of the fundamental qualitative principles, operations and methods with the grey incidence clustering model. The developed concept facilitates the recognition of the marketing information quality in a systematic (holistic) manner, considering the state of features belonging to marketing information and their structure. The results presented constitute the basis for further research on quality management of the company's marketing information. The developed methodological solution was applied in a chosen industrial company. In the last part of the paper, directions for further research in the field of marketing information quality management in industrial companies are specified.
PurposeThe knowledge of goals of the successor, who is preparing to take over the business, is extremely important for the succession process and further operation of a family enterprise. The aim of this study is to structure the goals of Polish family enterprises’ successors and to develop a Synthetic Model of the goals of Polish family enterprises' successors with the application of grey clustering evaluation models.Design/methodology/approachResearch into the specifics of the diagnosis and assessment of the goals set for the successors of the first succession in family businesses in Poland was carried out in the third quarter of 2016 at two stages using two research methods: in-depth group interview and individual interview. The main aim of the first stage was the extraction of subjectively identified goals by family enterprises' successors (based on their succession experience). The statements were open and obtained during two in-depth group interviews (2 FGI) with successors being in the process of succession at its various stages (total, n = 14). The respondents presented their experiences connected with the succession process along with emotions that are associated with it. In one of the interview stages, the respondents were asked to enumerate their individual goals they set for themselves in the context of upcoming changes. Next, the group agreed on the most frequently mentioned goals by creating their verbal interpretation. The obtained list of 20 goals was recorded and discussed, and thanks to the application of the elimination rule in the collective decision-making process, that list was reduced to 10 goals, which was approved by all participating successors.FindingsThe results show the developed Synthetic Model of the goals of family enterprises’ successors. The study singled out four groups of successors: (1) successors who do not work in the family enterprise yet, (2) successors holding lower-level positions, (3) successors holding managerial positions, (4) successors who manage the entire company. As a result of the calculations, the developed Synthetic Model of the goals of family enterprises' successors was positively verified for successors working in higher-level positions and successors managing the entire family enterprise.Research limitations/implicationsIn order to use the results of clustering, e.g. for conducting studies on large samples with the use of statistical tools, a reduced number of goals should be taken into account. A thorough study of three goals may bring results similar to the study of the original ten successors of Polish family enterprises in the process of succession. The aim of future research is to develop a mathematical model using optimization functions that enable selection of elements representing individual clusters in such a way that it leads to the extraction of the elements with the highest value in relation to the accepted criterion for assessing their value.Originality/valueIn the future, conducting family business research in accordance with the developed methodology requires a look at the proposed list of successor goals obtained during the Focus Group Interview (FGI) as it could be shortened using the Cluster of Grey Incidence method. Shortening the list of goals has its analytic and practical justifications. The study of the full list of goals in subsequent (and numerous further studies) could lead to errors related to, for example, different interpretation of goals among the investigated successors. Furthermore, the full list of goals would increase costs and extend research time.
Unfortunately, the first name and family name of the author group have been incorrectly placed in the original publication. The complete correct names of author group should read as follows.
Purpose:The aim of the work is to analyze and present selected elements of qualitology, i.e., the concept of quality science shaped on the basis of the existing achievements of science and knowledge derived from practice. The scope of reality as the object of qualitative research and the main goals of qualitology, as well as the concepts of qualitology division were defined. Basic terms and definitions were adopted. The essence of quality, relativization of quality and determination of evaluated quality as well as quantitative reflection of the quality of items were presented. Design/Methodology/Approach: The method of literature analysis and logical construction was used in the work. The analysis of the theoretical sources of qualitology allowed for the formulation of the main objectives of the science of quality and a synthetic approach to the terms used, i.e., quality, evaluated quality, and qualitative operations. Findings: The current achievements of qualitology provide the basis for ordering and standardizing the concepts and nomenclature related to quality. The set of principles, operations, and methods of qualitative mapping of reality create the basis for the study of the impact of various changes and their factors on quality, the study of the interdependence between various factors affecting quality and the detection of quantitative relationships between the quality of items and factors influencing it. Practical Implications:The qualitological concept of relativization and the operation of quality evaluation make it possible to take into account various factors in the study and assessment of the quality of items. This is of particular importance in managing the quality of products, taking into account, e.g., each stage of their product life cycle. The method of quantifying the quality is the basis for the comparative analysis of various products, processes, or procedures. Originality/Value: The work refers to the concept of shaping the science of quality, basic principles, and quality operations developed by the main representatives of the Polish school of qualitology. The research results present, in the synthetic manner, the actual state of the theoretical development, practical application, and the current achievements of qualitology.
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