LCA revealed unique AERD subphenotypes, thus corroborating the heterogeneity of this population. Such discrimination might facilitate more individualized treatment in difficult-to-treat patients.

The prevalence of uncontrolled asthma in AERD patients is high and similar to that observed in different asthmatic populations. Owing both to the specificity and complexity of the disease, AERD patients should stay under regular care of well experienced referential medical centers to ensure that this asthma phenotype is dealt with effectively.

The data gained from the payers, i.e., the healthcare system, is a very valuable source of information for pharmacoepidemiological studies. Our study shows that seasonal variation in antibiotic use is strictly linked with the age of patients. Special attention should be paid to the relatively small group of patients that utilizes a significant percentage of the year's supply. We have established an effective way to present recurrence data (a map showing the infectious disease incidence). This could be a very useful tool for comparing antibiotic consumption in different countries.

An 80-year-old white man was admitted to the Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Kraków, Poland. He complained of dyspnea, weakness, sweating (mainly in the neck region), dry and persistent cough, sore throat, and subfebrile state. Hemoptysis and epistaxis occurred 2 days before admission. The patient suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ischemic heart disease. At the age of 33 he underwent tonsillectomy. At the age of 50, 53 and 63 he expierenced spontaneous pneumothoraxes treated with tube drainage. At the age of 63, he underwent

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