These results support the use of IM interferon beta-1a after a first clinical demyelinating event and indicate that there may be modest beneficial effects of immediate treatment compared with delayed initiation of treatment.

To assess seismic amplitude effects commonly associated with the classic wedge model in geophysics, we built a scaled physical model of a simple high-velocity wedge immersed in water. In addition to demonstrating the well-known tuning effect related to thin beds, a 2D marine zero-offset seismic survey over the physical model shows a surprising number of high-amplitude dipping events corresponding to elastic multimodes, multiples, and mixed-mode reflections having nonreciprocal raypaths. These events cause additional complexities in the amplitudes of the top-wedge and base-wedge reflections that are not observed in simple acoustic seismic responses of the wedge model. Finite-difference, acoustic, exploding-reflector numerical model data, calculated using the same wedge geometry and velocity model, assisted in the identification of these events. It was found that the amplitudes of mixed-mode multiples in data recorded over highvelocity rocks with a wedge-like geometry might be significant. We also discovered that there is a maximum number of zero-offset pure-mode multiples within the wedge for a given wedge taper angle. Conventional P-wave migration of the physical model data confirmed that the multimode reflections degrade the quality of the migrated image.

The Subtropical and Subantarctic Fronts, which separate Subtropical, Subantarctic, and Antarctic Intermediate Waters, are diverted to the south of New Zealand by the submerged continental landmass of Zealandia. In the upper ocean of this region, large volumes of dissolved or suspended material are intermittently transported across the Subtropical Front; however, the mechanisms of such transport processes are enigmatic. Understanding these oceanic boundaries in three dimensions generally depends on measurements collected from stationary vessels and moorings. The details of these data sets, which are critical for understanding how water masses interact and mix at the fine‐scale (<10 m) to mesoscale (10–100 km), are inadequately constrained due to resolution considerations. Southeast of New Zealand, high‐resolution seismic reflection images of oceanic water masses have been produced using petroleum industry data. These seismic sections clearly show three main water masses, the boundary zones (fronts) between them, and associated thermohaline fine structure that may be related to the mixing of water masses in this region. Interpretations of the data suggest that the Subtropical Front in this region is a landward‐dipping zone, with a width that can vary between 20 and 40 km. The boundary zone between Subantarctic Waters and the underlying Antarctic Intermediate Waters is also observed to dip landward. Several isolated lenses have been identified on the three data sets, ranging in size from 9 to 30 km in diameter. These lenses are interpreted to be mesoscale eddies that form at relatively shallow depths along the south side of the Subtropical Front.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of Compass workers: a commissioned peer support model to support those caring for someone with dementia. Design/methodology/approach The paper offers a descriptive summary of how Compass workers came to be and is informed by consultations with key stakeholders and a service evaluation encompassing both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Findings The findings suggest that it is possible to make use of a peer support model to support those caring for someone with dementia in the context of support being provided to the cared for by statutory services. Both quantitative and qualitative data supported improvements in the quality of life for carers. Originality/value Both health and social care are facing increasing pressures. This paper offers a positive approach to addressing these pressures utilising a peer support model to support carers that may be of value to others facing similar challenges.

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