Geographic Record of Human Impact Conformance to Different Water Relationships Along a Coastal River (The Łupawa Catchment) The purpose of this paper is to answer the following two questions: Can one infer the type of human impact found in the northern Pomorze region from the current state of the Łupawa basin? Did regional water relationships determine the type of human impact found in the area? A good place to search for an answer to these two questions is the Łupawa River drainage basin. The entire upper section of the river, upstream from the Bukowina, is characterized by a lack of substantial changes in the hydrographic network, resulting from man's apparent disinterest in the area. The middle section of the river is characterized by human impact in the form of the use of water resources for energy generation purposes (sawmills, gristmills, power plants). The lower section of the Łupawa that includes Lake Gardno is characterized by significant changes in water relationships associated with difficult discharge conditions. Finally, the mouth section of the river, given its location, has been adapted as a port facility.
The environment of the areas of young Pleistocene post-glacial accumulation are characterized by a polygenetic hydrographic network. The hydrographic interpretation method was used to identify the network, and the method of Horton-Strahler and the one by Drwal, to order it. The research covered twelve drainage basins of the Pomeranian Lakeland (north Poland). Maps in 1:50 000, 1:200 000 and 1:500 000 scale were used. The ordering of a network by the Drwal method leads to a decrease in R b and R l values in comparison with analogous values for the Horton-Strahler method (Fig. 3). Generally, value D is higher, often considerably, in hierarchisation by the Drwal method, than by the Horton-Strahler one (Tables 1-3). The reason for this is the fact of taking into consideration "wild streams' in the Drwal method. The stream length ratio, employed in network analysis, was used to draw empirical straight-lines which were then compared with the theoretical straight-line (R l =2). The straight-lines drawn on the basis of the values obtained from hierarchisation by the Drwal method have a course definitely closer to the reference straight-line (Fig. 4). This situation does not depend on a map's scale. Among the analysed systems, the best network development and organization characterizes system No 6.
Abstract:The study area covers a compact, decentric hydrographic system called the Kashubian hydrographic system, which includes the drainage basins of the Słupia, Łupawa, Łeba, Reda, Wda, Wierzyca and Radunia. The Kashubian hydrographic system can be presented in the form of a cascade model of storage-drainage reservoirs -kord. One of the properties of a hydrographic system is its extent. Its horizontal extent is delimited by topographic watersheds, and its vertical extent is delimited at the bottom by the surface of the drainage base and in the roof by the land surface. Since reservoirs of the kord model are inscribed one into another, the upper border of all the reservoirs of the cascade is assumed to be the land surface, and the lower border of particular reservoirs of the cascade is a surface going through the level (elevation) of recipients receiving their waters. In the kord model on all its levels there are water reservoirs; however they differ in terms of origin, development, hydrological features and the role they play in the system. Depending on the type of recipient, drainage and storage can occur with various intensity. As follows from the hydrographic analysis the deepest lakes are situated in local and regional recipients, hence in these types of recipient, drainage and storage have greater intensity. On the other hand, in the transit recipient, transport is dominant.Key words: young glacial areas, recipient, reservoir, kord model another: a reservoir of storage of hollows RZ, a reservoir of atmospheric inflow distribution RD, a reservoir of constant outflow initiation ISO, a reservoir of autochthonous outflow OAU, a reservoir of allochthonous outflow OAL, and a reservoir of ultimate outflow identified with the whole catchment OO. Water excess from the RD reservoir is received by the initial recipient, excess from the ISO reservoir by the local recipient, from the OAU reservoir by the regional recipient, and from the OAL reservoir by the transit recipient.In the shaping of water relationships of young glacial territorial systems an important role is played by lakes (Lange 1985;Drwal 1985;Nowiński 2009). The role they play in the functioning and organisation of potamic outflow is indicated by their position in the hydrographic system. MethodsOne of the properties of a hydrographic system is its extent. Its horizontal extent is delimited by topographic watersheds, and its vertical extent is delimited at the bottom by the surface of the drainage base and Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/11/18 8:51 AM 144 Joanna Fac-Beneda in the roof by the land surface (Fac-Beneda 2011). Since reservoirs of the kord model are inscribed one into another, the upper border of all the reservoirs of the cascade is assumed to be the land surface, and the lower border of particular reservoirs of the cascade is a surface going through the level (elevation) of recipients receiving their waters. For the OAL reservoir the base is the surface adjacent to the lowest point in the transit recipient. For the OAU reservoir the base...
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