Wnt signaling plays a central role in mammary stem cell (MaSC) homeostasis and in breast cancer. In particular, epigenetic alterations at different members of the Wnt pathway have been identified among triple-negative, basal-like breast cancers. Previously, we developed a mouse model for metaplastic breast adenocarcinoma, a subtype of triple-negative breast cancer, by targeting a hypomorphic mutations in the endogenous Apc gene (Apc (1572T/+)). Here, by employing the CD24 and CD29 cell surface antigens, we have identified a subpopulation of mammary cancer stem cells (MaCSCs) from Apc (1572T/+) capable of self-renewal and differentiation both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of micro- and macrolung metastases and preliminary intravenous transplantation assays suggest that the MaCSCs underlie metastasis at distant organ sites. Expression profiling of the normal and tumor cell subpopulations encompassing MaSCs and CSCs revealed that the normal stem cell compartment is more similar to tumor cells than to their own differentiated progenies. Accordingly, Wnt signaling appears to be active in both the normal and cancer stem cell compartments, although at different levels. By comparing normal with cancer mouse mammary compartments, we identified a MaCSC gene signature able to predict outcome in breast cancer in man. Overall, our data indicate that constitutive Wnt signaling activation affects self-renewal and differentiation of MaSCs leading to metaplasia and basal-like adenocarcinomas.

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Objetivo: Descrever o perfil antropométrico e a composição corporal de idosos atendidos no Ambulatório de Nutrição do Centro de Referência em Assistência à Saúde do Idoso da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 52 indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais atendidos no ambulatório de nutrição. As medidas antropométricas foram realizadas segundo as diretrizes da International Society for the Advancement of Kineanthropometry, considerando as seguintes variáveis: massa corporal, estatura, dobras cutâneas biciptal, triciptal, subescapular, supra-ilíaca, percentual de gordura corporal a partir do somatório das quatro dobras cutâneas, circunferência da cintura e circunferência do braço. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o software Graph Pad inStat ® , versão 3.1, considerando-se significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: Verificou-se prevalência de sobrepeso (43,5% da amostra), adequação da circunferência do braço, circunferência muscular do braço e dobra cutânea triciptal. A maior parte das mulheres (67,6%) apresentava risco elevado para doenças cardiovasculares segundo a circunferência abdominal. Observou-se percentual de gordura corporal elevado em ambos os sexos (89,2% e 66,7%, feminino e masculino, respectivamente). Conclusão: Observou-se a presença de inadequações do estado nutricional da população em estudo de acordo com os parâmetros antropométricos índice de massa corporal, circunferência abdominal e percentual de gordura pelo somatório de dobras.

Background The Food Guide for the Brazilian Population relies on natural or minimally processed foods mainly of plant origin such as beans and rice with low oil, salt, and sugar content and limited consumption of ultraprocessed foods. Reduction of ultraprocessed foods improves diet quality and energy consumption. Objective The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention for the treatment of obesity in children, with counseling based on the Brazilian Food Guide plus control of total energy intake. Methods A parallel, randomized clinical trial will include children aged 7 to 12 years. Randomization will be performed in blocks of 10 individuals using computer-generated random sequence numbers. Both the control and intervention groups will participate in 6 standardized educational activities based on the 10 steps of the Brazilian Food Guide. These activities will be conducted at the University Hospital Toy Library, located in the pediatric outpatient clinic. For the intervention group, in addition to the educational activities, an individualized food plan based on the nutritional recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics will be prescribed and discussed with the mothers and fathers. The primary outcome of the study will be variations in body mass index, and secondary outcomes will include analysis of insulin resistance, blood pressure, body fat percentage, and waist and neck circumference. Results This project was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development in December 2017 (grant no 408333/2017-0). Recruitment began in August 2018 and by September 2019, we had enrolled the 101 participants. In addition to the patients referred by the national system of regulation, recruitment was made by medical outpatient referral and external indication. This is an ongoing study. We expect the results to be published in November 2020. Conclusions At the end of the project, in case of a positive result, a protocol for the treatment of obesity based on the Brazilian Food Guide will be proposed to the Unified Health System. A successful method to reduce childhood obesity is expected. Trial Registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-3st5sn; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3st5sn International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/16170

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ObjectivesTo investigate the association between internal migration and body mass index (BMI) in the adult population with data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil) and to determine whether the association differs by the urban hierarchical levels (or influence regions) of Brazilian municipalities.MethodsBaseline data from 13 084 participants aged 35 to 74 (2008‐2010) in the ELSA‐Brasil were analyzed. A migrant was defined as an individual whose municipality of residence at the beginning of schooling (origin) was different from the municipality of residence at the study baseline (destination). The origin and destination municipalities were classified by urban hierarchical levels, or influence regions, and migration was categorized as nonmigrant, stable migrant, downward migrant, or upward migrant.ResultsOf the ELSA‐Brasil participants, 51% were migrants. Using gamma regression models, it was observed that for women and men, upward migration was associated with lower mean BMI after adjusting for age, mother's education level, participant's education level, and income. Downward migration, on the other hand, was associated with the highest mean BMI, but this result was statistically significant only for women.ConclusionThese findings highlight the role of environmental factors on nutritional status, noting that the effects on BMI may be positive or negative, depending on the trajectory of displacements between origin and destination.