Mobile agents are software entities consisting of code, data and state that can migrate autonomously from host to host executing their code. In such scenario there are some security issues that must be considered. In particular, this article deals with the protection of mobile agents against manipulation attacks performed by the host, which is one of the main security issues to solve in mobile agent systems. This article introduces an infrastructure for Mobile Agent Watermarking (MAW). MAW is a lightweight approach that can efficiently detect manipulation attacks performed by potentially malicious hosts that might seek to subvert the normal agent operation. MAW is the first proposal in the literature that adapts software watermarks to verify the execution integrity of an agent. The second contribution of this article is a technique to punish a malicious host that performed a manipulation attack by using a Third Trusted Party (TTP) called Host Revocation Authority (HoRA). A proof-of-concept has also been developed and we present some performance evaluation results that demonstrate the usability of the proposed mechanisms.

The development explained in this article proves that is possible to trace dishonest users who upload videos with sensitive content to the YouTube service. To achieve tracing these traitor users, fingerprint marks are embedded by a watermarking algorithm into each copy of the video before distributing it. Our experiments show that if the watermarking algorithm is carefully configured and the fingerprints are correctly chosen, the traitor, or a member of a set of traitors who have performed a collusion attack, can be found from a pirate video uploaded to the YouTube service.

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