SNS remains an effective treatment for FI in the long term for approximately half of the patients starting therapy.

Transanal irrigation is an effective treatment of anterior resection syndrome and results in a marked improvement of the continence score and QOL.

This study allows direct visualization during the placement of the needle and electrode, thus permitting accurate calculations of the best angle of approach during the surgical procedure in sacral nerve stimulation. These objective findings attempt to standardize this technique, which is often performed with the aid of intra-operative fluoroscopy but still leaving a lot to chance. These insertion angles should help to find more consistent and reproducible results and thus improved outcome in patients.