A conflict management strategy that has been tried and proven in one school district is outlined on the following pages. The key to its success, the implementers feel, is student involvement.STUDENT CONFLICT, RESULTING IN vio-lence and vandalism in the nation's public schools, has escalated at an alarming rate and has exacted a tremendous psychological and physical toll on both students and teachers. It is not confined to any particular social class, ethnic group, or sex. As a microcosm of society, schools are the arena for the expression of not only educational problems, but also societal problems. Therefore, the increased concern for the resolution of school conflict has implications that extend beyond the school context.Attempts have been made in many school districts to reduce the problems resulting from student conflict. Some administrators have taken the hard line, authoritarian approach by maintaining rigid rules and regulations, while others have opted for a more flexible, democratic approach. The most frequent response, however, appears to be the acquisition and installation of sophisticated security systems and communication equipment throughout school buildings. As
T h e emerging field of ndult courmlitg generally refers to the applications of adult development and life transitions literature in counseling. T o date, nunieroiis definitions that apply a particular theoretical perspective to clients within an established counseling allproach have characterized practice. In contrast, tollaborntiur cou1z~~ling is a term that defines an inclusive theoretical framework and distinct counseling approach. The ptienonienology of counselors is defined in ternis of three perspectives: (a) developmental-for conceptualizing adult experience and counseling; (b) collaborative-for characterizing coutiselorclient roles, interactions, and processes; and (c) idiographic-for conceptualizing applicability of theory and interventions to individuals. From these perspectives a specialized practice is derived that emphasizes transitional status assessment, adult processes, coutiseling outconies in meaning and behavior, as well as multiple contexts and modalities fotdelivery of service. T h e implications for curriculum arid training provide the h i s tor defining a specialization in adult counseling.The emerging field of adult counseling generally involves the application and integration of' knowledge about adult development and life transitions in counseling. Various interpretations of the specific content and methodology of adult counseling, however, have yielded numerous definitions of practice. Most describe a particular theoretical position for viewing client experience as well as an established approach for conducting counseling. 'There is little consensus among counselor educators and practitioners on a common theoretical orientation or counseling methodology. Furthermore, few modifications in traditional practice have been proposed. Goodman (1982) and Schlossberg ( 1976) suggested the need for a definition that is based on a comprehensive theoretical perspective and that specifies a distinct approach to practice.Perhaps the broad implications of the literature on adult development and life transitions, considered collectively, could provide the basis for
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