Although improving household welfare is essential to the attainment of numerous United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), developing countries such as Nigeria has continued to make negligible progress in enhancing household welfare and boosting prosperity with majority of her population still struggling to attain a minimum standard of living. Policy makers has suggested that financial inclusion could be a panacea for welfare improvement. This study examined the impact of financial inclusion on household welfare using Findex 2017 data. The study is a Quantitative research. It made use of quasi experimental research design. The target population are households from 15 years and above. The study performing a counterfactual analysis using propensity score matching technique found that financial inclusion has a positive significant impact on household welfare. The study recommended among others that to achieve increased financial inclusion for all, government, regulatory agencies, financial service providers need to concentrate on improving the existing framework for branchless banking so that individuals can get these financial services without having to go to a physical bank.
The fight against poverty is one of the key components of the development of any country. If the percentage of poor people is high, there will be slow development. The government policies and program such as YOUWIN, Better Life is aimed at encouraging entrepreneurship and supporting women into business. Despite these efforts, poverty incidence still increases among women in micro business. This study examined government alleviation programs and dimension of poverty among women into micro business in Anambra state, Nigeria. It is a descriptive survey research. Probability and non- probability sampling technique were employed in which the samples were drawn using multi-stage sampling and purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). The findings of this study showed that most women participating in micro business are not aware of poverty reduction programs and do not have access to such programs. The study also found out that most of the women still experience hardship, no access to infrastructure, no good health care system and low standard of living which indicates that poverty has not reduced. The study recommended among others that the government should target its reduction policies towards the multidimensional indicators (good infrastructure, good health care system etc.) of poverty in order to eradicate poverty.
The Covid-19 epidemic has generated an unprecedented health crisis, with numerous terrible outcomes, and has impacted every element of social and corporate activity around the world, putting around half of the world's economic activity under stress, as well as supply chains. This study examined the implication of Covid-19 pandemic on the sustainability of small and micro entrepreneur business in the informal sector in Nigeria with specific focus on Ose market in Onitsha, Anambra State. The study specifically analyzed the effect of covid 19 on informal SME, extent of risk and vulnerability and how small and micro businesses were sustained within the period of pandemic. Multi-stage, purposive and random sampling techniques were used in selecting 150 small and micro entrepreneurs business in the informal sector in Onitsha from which data used for the study were collected. Primary data was collected using questionnaire instruments. The study reveals that, Covid-19 exerted significant effect on small and medium scale entrepreneurs in the informal sector and that small and medium scale businesses are vulnerable and prone to risk. The study therefore, recommends among other things that government should provide safety net to small and medium scale business in form of zero interest loan and other forms of government assistance in order to cushion the effect of covid-19.
Inflation remains a central issue to policy makers and analysts. High inflation induces uncertainty, adversely affects financial sector development and it is the goal of monetary authorities to achieve price stability in consonance with the general consensus that price stability aids growth of the economy. Despite the goal of single-digit inflation rate by monetary authority (CBN), the Nigerian economy is still practically characterized by high cost of living, increased variability of relative prices of goods and services; therefore the reliability of the monetary aggregates as the main signal for the conduct of monetary policy for control of inflation has become increasingly questionable. Against this backdrop, this research examined the determinants of dynamics of inflation in Nigeria over a period of 36 years (1982-2016); using New Keynesian Philips Curve theoretical framework, Ordinary Least Square estimation techniques (OLS), ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) econometric techniques to ascertain if inflation is only a monetary phenomenon in Nigeria having inflation as dependent variable and exchange rate (Ex), interest rate (Ir), Unemployment (U), Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) as independent variable. The result of the estimation shows that inflation is not only a monetary phenomenon by the statistical significance of EX and RGDP at short and long-run, U and IR at long-run. Therefore, it was thus recommended that exchange rate and inflation targeting monetary policy framework that will revalue the naira should be implemented to reduce inflation while expansionary fiscal policy that will increase RGDP is also recommended for reduction of inflation.
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