The main objective of this article is to analyse whether the positioning of the Pla de l’Estany district, in Catalonia, can be redefined in a context of possible saturation of the sports brand that was structured thanks to the success of the 1992 Olympic Games. Furthermore, this article aims to analyse how to design and implement long-term public policies in place branding. The Pla de l’Estany district is one of the smallest in Catalonia and had its moment of splendour during the Barcelona Olympic Games, which positioned it as a place of natural beauty and sports tourism. However, twenty-five years later, we ask whether this positioning needs to be updated. This research deploys a methodological triangulation that combines in-depth interviews with opinion leaders, discussions in focus groups and an online survey open to citizens. This research presents three conclusions: it places the processes of citizen participation as a key element in the construction of territorial brands; refocuses the narrative of the territory of the Pla de l’Estany based on the concepts of “sustainable nature” and “traditional culture”; and conceptualises place branding not just from the perspective of promoting tourism, but also from that of fomenting sustainable governance.
Background: In order to play an active role in their health care, patients need information and motivation. Current delivery systems limit patients' involvement because they do not routinely provide them with enough details of their own clinical results, conditions and other important clinical data. The purpose of this study was to identify, from the perspective of patients, which topics matter the most, who should be communicating them, and when and how should they be provided. Methods: We conducted a qualitative, phenomenological study analysing the content of subjective experiences, feelings and behaviours. We organized two focus groups with 13 participants and 15 in-depth interviews. Transcripts of the focus groups and interviews were checked for accuracy and then entered into Atlas ti™ v7.5.13 qualitative software. Two independent researchers performed a qualitative inductive content analysis to classify the data in two levels: themes and categories.Results: The qualitative analysis provided 377 units of meaning synthesized into 22 categories and six themes: hospitalization procedure, Health Literacy relating to the patient's condition, information content, satisfaction, professional-patient relationship, and patient proactivity. Patients described which information they wished for, when they needed it, and who would provide it, usually related to actions such as admission, discharge or diagnostic tests. Oral information was more difficult to comprehend than the written kind, as patients can check written information several times if needed. Nurses were the most available professionals, and patients found easier to relate to them and ask them questions. Moreover, patients identified physicians as those professionals responsible for providing clinical information.Conclusions: Our results showed that patients suffered from poor Health Literacy regarding their personal condition, as they were unable to describe the symptoms, the type of tests being performed or their results, and some of them also had difficulties in naming the specific disease or comorbidities they had. During the hospitalization process, patients were in good shape to come with doubts and actively asked for more information. Healthcare organizations and professionals were offered the chance to ensure the correct communication and comprehension to their patients.
En cuestiones de salud, una información adecuada a las necesidades del paciente suele contribuir a una mejor relación con el personal sanitario, en tanto que ambos actores pueden compartir conocimientos y mejorar su comunicación. En esta investigación, hemos realizado un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, analizando el contenido de experiencias subjetivas explicadas por pacientes crónicos recientemente hospitalizados en la ciudad de Vic (Barcelona), con el objetivo de identificar, desde la perspectiva del paciente, qué mensajes y temáticas son los más importantes para ellos a nivel de información y cómo prefieren que ésta les sea transmitida para evitar el ruido. Para ello, desarrollamos dos focus groups con pacientes y familiares y 15 entrevistas en profundidad a pacientes ingresados en el hospital. En los resultados, los pacientes muestran una clara predilección por la información fácilmente entendible y preferiblemente escrita, mientras que a nivel de ruido y problemáticas de comunicación, critican un exceso de comunicación exclusivamente oral e insuficiente por parte de los médicos, algo que les suele generar estrés y les hace sentirse más cercanos a las enfermeras, que resultan más accesibles y comunicativas. Los resultados también apuntan a la apuesta por la co-creación de la información entre profesionales de la salud y los propios pacientes para mejorar futuras relaciones.
A nivel conceptual, la “experiencia de paciente” comparte varios elementos definitorios con el concepto de comunicación, como la interacción, las relaciones, la información, la reputación o el engagement. En este sentido, el objetivo de nuestro estudio es la identificación de la frecuencia absoluta de la aparición del concepto comunicación y su entorno semántico en 40 artículos representativos del ámbito de la experiencia del paciente previos a la definición de consenso facilitada por The Beryl Institute (2014), así como la asociación del concepto comunicación con resultados clínicos, estableciendo como referencia para la muestra de artículos el trabajo de Doyle, Lennox y Bell (2013). Mediante análisis de contenido, observamos la presencia generalizada de la comunicación de forma directa o indirecta. Concretamente, el término “comunicación” aparece en 29 casos, el término “información” en 25, “relación” en 21 e “interacción” en 21. También se concluye que la comunicación es necesaria para utilizar cualquiera de las herramientas de medición de la experiencia de paciente y que la mayoría de intervenciones en las que interviene la comunicación tiene asociaciones positivas con los resultados clínicos.
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