Insects have a great potential to be used as feedstocks for biodiesel production due to their intrinsic high lipid contents. In particular, biodiesel production from black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is promising because of its advantages in engineering aspects such as a rapid proliferation, more lipid storage due to long-development time in larva stage, self-separation from organic waste. In this study, biodiesel was synthesized through (trans)esterification of BSFL grown on food waste to achieve both biofuel production from organic waste materials. In addition, all fuel properties of the biodiesel were examined to evaluate its feasibility as a potential transportation fuel in Korea. The highest yield of biodiesel obtained in this study was 86.51%. All the parameters of biodiesel produced from BSFL satisfied the Korea fuel standard (KS M 2965) except oxidation stability. The quality criterion of oxidation stability met the fuel standard with an addition of small quantity of tert-butylhydroquinone.
We can prevent climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by fossil fuel usage through introducing alternative fuels such as bio-oil. The fast pyrolysis process used for wood materials has recently gained substantial attention as an approach to produce bio-oil worldwide and in Korea as well. Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis contains highly oxygenated compounds and phenolics, thereby requiring upgrading processes, such as deoxygenation and condensation, for high-end use. To determine an efficient upgrading method for fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO), one needs to elucidate its composition and classify it into chemical groups. We analyzed the composition of fractionized FPBO toward high-end use. FPBO was separated into two layers by adding distilled water: (a) the water-soluble phase, and (b) the oil phase, whereas liquid-liquid extraction and multi-step separation were applied for fractionization, respectively. The fractions were obtained, and their chemical groups were analyzed by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF/MS). The water phase was separated into two fractions and classified into the main chemical groups of phenolics (9%) and heterocyclics (31%). The oil phase, which was separated into four fractions, was classified into the main chemical groups of phenolics (32%) and heterocyclics (23%). Our findings can help to upgrade products for high-end use.
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