ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral artery diseases Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries The Task Force on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Artery Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

Multidisciplinary strategies for the management of patients with HF reduce HF hospitalizations. Those programs that involve specialized follow-up by a multidisciplinary team also reduce mortality and all-cause hospitalizations.

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Objectives To analyse short-and long-term case-fatality trends following admission to hospital with a first acute myocardial infarction, in men and women between 1986 and 1995, after adjusting for risk factors known to influence survival.Design A Scottish-wide retrospective cohort study. SettingThe Linked Scottish Morbidity Record Database was analysed. This contains accurate data on all hospital admissions since 1981, for the Scottish population of 5·1 million. It is linked to the Registrar General's death certificate data.Subjects All 117 718 patients admitted to Scottish hospitals with a principal diagnosis of first acute myocardial infarction (ICD-9 code 410) between 1986 and 1995. Main Outcome MeasuresThe outcome was death, both in and out of hospital, from any cause, at 30 days, 1 year, 5 and 10 years.Results Overall case-fatality following hospital admission with acute myocardial infarction was 22·2%, 31·4%, 51·1% and 64·0% at 1 month, 1 year, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Multivariate analyses identified statistically significant independent prognostic factors. Thirty day mortality increased twofold for each decade of increasing age, and increased with any prior admission to hospital. When comparing the most deprived category to that of the most affluent, men had a 10% increased mortality (P<0·01), whilst women had an increased mortality of 4% (not significant). After adjustment for age, sex, deprivation and prior admission to hospital, case-fatality rates fell significantly between 1986 and 1995. Short-term case-fatality fell by 46% in men (27% in women) and long-term by 34% in men (30% in women) (both P<0·001).Conclusions Population-based case-fatality rates in Scotland have fallen dramatically since 1986, particularly in men. The increasing survival in patients admitted to hospital suggests that the trial-based efficacy of modern therapies is now translating into population-based effectiveness. However, an individual's life expectancy still halves after a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Of the variables that we could examine, age was the most powerful predictor of prognosis.

Objective: To calculate the cost of angina pectoris to the UK National Health Service (NHS) in the year 2000. Methods: Calculation of the cost of hospital admissions, revascularisation procedures, hospital outpatient consultations, general practice (GP) consultations, and prescribed drug treatment. Results: 634 000 individuals (1.1% of the UK population) consulted GPs 2.35 million times, costing £60.5 million. They required 16.0 million prescriptions (cost £80.7 million) and 254 000 hospital outpatient referrals (cost £30.4 million). There were 149 000 hospital admissions, 117 000 coronary angiograms, 21 400 coronary artery bypass operations, 17 700 percutaneous coronary interventions, and 516 000 outpatient visits, at a cost of £208.4 million, £69.9 million, £106.2 million, £60.7 million, and £52.2 million, respectively. The direct cost of angina was therefore £669 million (1.3% of total NHS expenditure), with hospital bed occupancy and procedures accounting for 32% and 35% of this total, respectively. Conclusions: Angina is a common and costly public health problem. It consumed over 1% of all NHS expenditure in the year 2000, mainly because of hospital bed occupancy and revascularisation procedures. This is likely to be a conservative estimate of its true cost.A ngina pectoris affects 2-3% of the population, or up to two million men and women in the UK. [1][2][3][4][5] As well as having reduced quality of life and functional capacity, affected individuals usually need long term drug treatment and to have regular contact with a general practitioner (GP).2-5 Because patients have a threefold increased risk of developing unstable angina (UAP) and myocardial infarction, they also often require emergency hospital admission.