Herein, we present the results of the analysis of a lacquer coating fragment excavated from 'Daesungdong No.88 tomb of Gimhae'. We observed the fragment with an optical microscope and used scanning electron microscopyenergy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) as well as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis to determine the structure of the lacquer coating and the technique used for coating. The sample was identified as a Moksim Jophy Lacquer. It is made from wood, painted with textile fabric and coated with soil clay. The SEM-EDS analysis revealed residues of bone meal at the bottom part of the sheath layer. The incorporation of bone meal in a lacquer coating layer is one of the characteristics of the Han Dynasty, and was also found in the Nangnang Region and the United Silla Dynasty. Inside the sword sheath is a specific adherent structure of silk fabric, the same type of leguminous plant found in another sword sheath excavated from the Eastern Han-tomb of Xi'an. Results constitute the latest information about lacquer ware found in the southern district of the Korean peninsula. Moreover, the findings shed light on an international relationship with Kumkwan-Kaya where the sword sheath was produced.
This study examined the structural relationships among parent’s play participation, children’s playfulness, selfregulation and happiness. In this Study, subjects were 274 children who were 4 through 5 years old. The participants included 274 preschoolers’ parents and their teachers in D city. The parents completed questionnaires regarding parent’s play participation with their children and children’s self-regulation. The teachers completed questionnaires regarding preschoolers’ happiness and playfulness. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation analysis and mediation analysis based on structural equation modeling with SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0 program. Also, specific indirect effects were analyzed using AMOS user-defined estimand function. The primary results of this study were as follows. 1) The parent’s play participation had an influence upon children’s playfulness and self-regulation. 2) The children’s playfulness had an influence upon children’s self-regulation and happiness. 3) The children’s self-regulation had an influence upon children’s happiness. 4) Between the parent’s play participation and children’s happiness were mediated by the children’s playfulness and self-regulation. This study revealed that parent’s play participation, children’s playfulness and self-regulation need to be considered simultaneously to explain the level of the children’s happiness. The results highlight the structural relationships among parent’s play participation, children’s playfulness, self-regulation and happiness.
This study examined the structural relationship between children’s academic stress, grit, executive function difficulty, and media device addiction. Data on 1,132 children and their mothers from the 11<sup>th</sup> (2018)Panel Study on Korean Children were used for the study. Data were collected by Academic Stress Scale, Grit Scale-Children, Child-Adolescent Self-reported Executive Function Difficulty Screening Questionnaire, and K-Internet Addiction Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0 program with Pearson correlation, structural equation model and bootstrapping. The main results were as follows. 1) Children’s academic stress had a negative influence on their grit. 2) Children’s grit had a negative influence on their executive function difficulty and media device addiction. 3) Children’s executive function difficulty had a positive influence on their media device addiction. 4) The relationship between children’s academic stress and media device addiction was mediated by their grit and executive function difficulty. This study is significant in the sense that it found protective factors and risk factors for children’s addiction to media devices. We suggest that children’s grit be improved, and their academic stress and executive function difficulty be reduced to prevent and mediate children’s media device addiction.
The purpose of this study was to examine that multiple mediating effects of self-determination and selfefficacy in the relationship between the parental control and career maturity. In the study, 747 university students in Daegu, Busan and Seoul area were surveyed on their perceived level of parental control, career maturity, self-determination and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis with SPSS 25.0 program, Hayes’Process Macro program and bootstrapping. The major results of this study were as follows; First, there were significant differences in college student’s career maturity by grade, major, experience in career-related services and part-time job experience period. Second, there were significant correlations between parental control(behavioral control and psychological control), career maturity, self-determination and self-efficacy.Third, self-determination and Self-efficacy had multiple mediating effects in the relationship between parental control and career maturity. In conclusion, this study found multiple mediating effects of self-determination and self-efficacy in the relationship between parental control(behavioral control and psychological control) and career maturity. It was also found that parental behavioral control had a positive effect on career maturity by increasing self-determination and self-efficacy while parental psychological control had a negative effect on career maturity by decreasing self-determination and self-efficacy.
This study presents the psychometric properties of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R), including internal consistency, content validity, and construct validity. The IBQ-R is a caregiver (parent) reporting instrument designed to assess temperament in infants (aged 3-12 months). Two groups of participants were included. The first group comprised 92 infants and the second 83 infants, giving a total of 175 infants (M=8.3 months, 80 boys and 95 girls). Their caregivers completed IBQ-R. The IBQ-R subscales demonstrated adequate internal consistency. Also, confirmatory factor analyses of the IBQ-R scale found that three broad dimensions: surgency, negative affectivity, and orientation/regulation. This study confirmed that the IBQ-R is a reliable and valid temperament instrument that can be recommended for evaluating temperament in infants.
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