Summary An imbalanced current distribution is often observed in cables of parallel batteries, which may limit the release of the energy and power in the battery pack. Hence, it is very important to analyze the homogeneous current distributions within parallel battery batteries and explore the effect on the state of charge and energy loss. Initially, it can be found that a battery near the load will experience a large local current under higher discharge rate. With the discharge, the current distribution will show a surge wave distribution, and the peak is gradually shifted backwards. As discharge continues, local current profile in segments will have different development trends, while current profile with lower initial current values increase, which leads to an entirely different form of current distribution with the initial stage of discharge. The current profile moves in a wavelike form transmission when the total discharge rate is low. The higher the current rate, the more divergent the current distribution. The state of charge distribution is also nonuniform, clearly indicating underutilization of active materials, which will further aggravate the nonuniformity of the local current distribution in the parallel battery pack.
The 1974 joint development agreement between Korea and Japan established an innovative cooperation regime in the East China Sea. According to the agreement, Korea is obligated to conduct jointly with Japan in the defined zone, but Japan holds a negative stance on the potential reservation, leading to a deadlock on commercial activities. The reasons for the stalemate are, on the one hand, due to a lack of motivation because no commercial products pay back, and on the other because the mechanism of the agreement does not envisage a straightforward solution to the predicament. Compared with the 1970s, the incompatible legal positions on the maritime boundaries and vexed political geographical relations between the coastal States make the Joint Development Zone more controversial. This study identifies alternative approaches based on thorough analyses of political and legal factors such as joint development regime, evolving rules of international law, bilateral cooperation, and regional relations.
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