By using the dual vessel equilibrium
method, the solubility of
oxygen in toluene and acetic acid was experimentally investigated
with pressure ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 MPa at temperatures from 293.1
to 383.1 K. The results show that the oxygen solubility either in
toluene or in acetic acid increases with a rise in temperature. On
the basis of the experimental data, Henry coefficients were derived
and expressed as a function of temperature. At the same temperature,
Henry coefficient for the oxygen–toluene system is lower than
that for the oxygen–acetic acid system. Through analysis of
the Gibbs energy (ΔG
0), partial
molar enthalpy (ΔH
0), and the partial
molar entropy (ΔS
0) of the solvation,
we can know that solubilization of oxygen either in toluene or in
acetic acid is an endothermic process. To correlate the experimental
data, the Peng–Robinson equation of state with the quadratic
mixing rule was used for the two systems.
Monodisperse polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles with a size of 190 nm were first synthesized by emulsion polymerization. Then PS/titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ; core/shell) nanocomposite particles were prepared by coating TiO 2 nanoparticles on the surface of the PS nanoparticles using aqua ammonia/triethanolamine as the positive/negative catalyst pair. Roughness degree of the surface of the shell of the PS/TiO 2 nanocomposite particles increased with increasing amounts of aqua ammonia or triethanolamine. Morphology of the surface of the TiO 2 shell can be regulated by changing the amounts of aqua ammonia and triethanolamine synchronously. The PS/TiO 2 nanocomposite particles obtained at 2.00 g/0.10 g, 3.00 g/0.20 g and 5.00g/0.40 g of aqua ammonia/triethanolamine showed good morphology of the surface of the TiO 2 shell. Roughness on the surface of the TiO 2 shell was remarkably heightened when the reaction temperature of the hydrolysis and condensation process was increased from 50 C to 70 C.
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