Internet of remote things (IoRT) networks are regarded as an effective approach for providing services to smart devices, which are often remote and dispersed over in a wide area. Due to the fact that the ground base station deployment is difficult and the power consumption of smart devices is limited in IoRT networks, the hierarchical Space-Air-Ground architecture is very essential for these scenarios. This paper aims to investigate energy efficient resource allocation problem in a two-hop uplink communication for Space-Air-Ground Internet of remote things (SAG-IoRT) networks assisted with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relays. In particular, the optimization goal of this paper is to maximize the system energy efficiency by jointly optimizing sub-channel selection, uplink transmission power control and UAV relays deployment. The optimization problem is a mix-integer non-linear non-convex programming, which is hard to tackle. Therefore, an iterative algorithm that combines two sub-problems is proposed to solve it. First, given UAV relays deployment position, the optimal sub-channel selection and power control policy are obtained by the Lagrangian dual decomposition method. Next, based on the obtained sub-channel allocation and power control policy, UAV relays deployment is obtained by successive convex approximation (SCA). These two sub-problems are alternatively optimized to obtain the maximum system energy efficiency. Numerical results verify that the proposed algorithm has at least 21.9% gain in system energy efficiency compared to the other benchmark scheme.
Abstract-A generalized two-way coupled-line power divider with extended ports for dual band is proposed in this paper. The power divider is composed of two section coupled-lines, one conventional transmission line, and an isolation resistor, and employs extension of a transmission line or coupled-line at each port. The design equations are obtained based on even-and odd-mode analysis, and analytical ideal closed-form scattering parameter expressions derived. Because the traditional ring structure is a special case of coupled line, four cases of this generalized power divider are discussed and compared. In addition, the six power dividers simulated results of three special cases are shown. Finally, three fabricated power dividers measurements are used to certify this proposed structure and corresponding design parameters.
A simple and successful design for an arbitrary phase shift at two operational frequencies by using a T-section with only a single dual-band stub-loaded line is presented, and the design equations are derived analytically. For verification, a proposed dual-band phase offset line is fabricated and measured at 1618.25 and 2491.75 MHz of the 'COMPASS'. The results show that there is good agreement between the measured and the electromagnetic simulations.
A novel bandstop filter with wide-stopband performance is proposed and discussed in this paper. This circuit configuration includes two-section coupled lines and three open-circuit transmissionline stubs. Due to the symmetry of this proposed structure, closed-form equations for scattering parameters are investigated. Transmission zeros and poles location for different circuit parameters are discussed, and the corresponding design curves are given. In order to verify this new filter circuit structure and its corresponding design theory, several typical numerical examples are designed, calculated and illustrated. Furthermore, a practical wideband bandstop filter with −20 dB fractional bandwidth of 94% centered at 3 GHz with sharp rejection characteristics is fabricated to validate the theoretical prediction. The measured frequency response of the filter agrees excellently with the predicted result.
Abstract-An accurate complexity-reduced simplified Volterra (ACR-SV) series is introduced for RF power amplifiers (PAs). Based on the conventional simplified Volterra (SV) series, it takes memoryless nonlinearity and memory effect into consideration separately, while connected with a nonlinear memory effect (NME) in order to increase accuracy of the model. The proposed ACR-SV model is assessed using a GaN Class-F PA driven by two modulated signals (a WCDMA 1001 signal and a single carrier 16QAM signal with 40 MHz band width). The experimental results in forward modeling and DPD application demonstrate that the proposed ACR-SV model outperforms the memory polynomial (MP) model, the augmented complexity-reduced generalized memory polynomial (ACR-GMP), and the SV model. Compared with the MP model, the ACR-SV model shows a normalized mean square error (NMSE) improvement of 2.61 dB in forward modeling, average adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) improvement of 3.7/4.2 dB in the DPD application with less 13% number of model coefficients. In comparison with the ACR-GMP model, the ACR-SV model shows NMSE improvement of 1.39 dB, ACPR improvement of 0.7/0.6 dB with comparable number of model coefficients. In contrast with the SV model, the ACR-SV model achieves similar model accuracy, but reduces approximately 53% of coefficients.
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