Abstract-This research aimed to study the quality of the fuel briquettes made from sewage sludge mixed with water hyacinth and sewage sludge mixed with sedge. Sewage sludge were mixed with water hyacinth and sedge at the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 and 3:1 then compressed these mixtures with hydraulic pressure to obtain fuel briquettes and finalized them by analyzing fuel briquettes properties including moisture content, calorific value and compressive strength, then comparing them to the properties of the wood charcoal standard. The result showed that the ratio of wastewater sludge and sedge at 1:3 provided the highest calorific value (3,362.9 cal/g) but still lower than the standard (5,000 cal/g) and the ratio of wastewater sludge and water hyacinth at 1:3 gave the highest compressive strength value (4,545 N). And the moisture content of them was between 4.78% and 7.86%.
The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of using biochar, functionalized with layered double hydroxides, as a fertilizer after its use in phosphate treatment (P-BC-LDHs). It was conducted with several levels of P-BC-LDHs using seed germination and early growth assays of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The application of P-BC-LDHs resulted in successful seedling emergence, with an excellent germination capacity of over 96% for all treatments. However, compared to the controls, P-BC-LDHs did not provide favorable seedling traits. In contrast, in the latter experiments, lettuce cultivated under mixtures with P-BC-LDHs, particularly at an application rate of 2.5% (w/w), displayed superior growth quality to those under non-treated conditions. The length of lettuce shoots and roots from this optimal dosage were increased by at least 24% compared to untreated samples. A 17% reduction in biomass yield was observed for the samples from non-supplemented substrates. The nutrient release profiles showed that P-BC-LDHs were capable of slowly supplying phosphorus, thereby increasing the long-term nutrient availability for plants. The findings reported here provide important insights into these materials and confirm that P-BC-LDHs can be used for agricultural purposes after phosphate remediation applications. The results of this study provide constructive information to facilitate the implementation of biochar-based LDH composites for sustainable phosphate removal and recovery.
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