The distinction between subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) and lupus erythematosus (LE) panniculitis is remarkably challenging. Rimming by lymphocytes with an elevated Ki-67 cell proliferation index has been forwarded as a potential diagnostic finding in biopsies of SPTCL but has not been rigorously compared with biopsies from patients with LE panniculitis. Nineteen and 17 examples of SPTCL and LE panniculitis, respectively, were evaluated for periadipocytic rimming by lymphocytes expressing Ki-67, CD8, and βF1 and for attributes associated with LE, including clusters of CD123-positive cells. The identification of periadiopocytic rimming using Ki-67, CD8, and βF1 held sensitivity of 79%, 100%, and 89.5% and specificity of 100%, 52.9%, and 88.2%, respectively (P < 0.01). CD123-positive cells were in both disorders. LE-like histopathology was commonly encountered in SPTCL. In conclusion, an elevated Ki-67 cell proliferation index with rimming is useful for distinguishing SPTCL from LE panniculitis. Notably, many features of LE panniculitis can also be encountered in SPTCL.
Mediastinal germ cell tumor (MGCT), which accounts for 1% to 3% of extragonadal germ cell tumors, has unique manifestations; it is associated with several types of hematologic malignancy, particularly myeloid neoplasm. The aim of this study was to report the 10-year incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of MGCT at Thailand's national pediatric tertiary referral center. This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with MGCT at the Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital during 2005 to 2014. Eight patients (all male) were diagnosed with MGCT. Five of 8 patients were found to have hematologic abnormalities. Three patients were diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (one patient with M1, another having M7, and the other with M0). Another patient had mixed MGCT with mediastinal myeloid sarcoma (MMS). The other patient had malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome (M-HLH). Isochromosome 12p was detected in 3 patients (AML [2], mixed MGCT/MMS [1]). Four of 5 patients with hematologic abnormalities died of hematologic abnormalities or treatment complication (AML [3], M-HLH [1]). One patient with mixed MGCT/MMS survived with chemotherapy. All patients with AML and MMS were nonseminomatous MGCT and the onset of myeloid malignancies were within 1 year after the diagnosis of MGCT. Associated hematologic malignancies should be suspected in MGCT with abnormal blood count or hematologic symptoms. Isochromosome 12p was the most common cytogenetic finding in MGCT-associated myeloid malignancies patients. Those with nonseminomatous MGCT should have their blood count carefully monitored especially during the first year after the diagnosis of MGCT. Better treatment alternatives for MGCT with associated hematologic malignancies are warranted to ameliorate adverse outcomes.
Common findings in CS at autopsy include chronic stress involution of thymus, hydrops, and hepatosplenomegaly. Mucocutaneous lesions are uncommon. Common placental findings in fetal deaths due to CS include placentomegaly and AFI.
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