Nephrostomy-free or tubeless PCNL reduces postoperative urinary leakage and local pain related to the drainage tube. It also minimizes hospital stay; the majority of patients were discharged from the hospital in fewer than 24 hours.

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Extension of endourologic procedures to the lower tract reduces morbidity and hospital stay and thus the cost of treatment. Percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotripsy, in our experience, is a safe and cost-effective alternative to open surgery in children.

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BACKGROUNDHead and neck cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and more than 90% of these tumours are squamous cell carcinomas. Oral cancer is the most common form of cancer and of cancer-related deaths in men in India. Tobacco and alcohol are the two strongest aetiological factors responsible for the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, but in contrast younger patients often do not present these traditional risk factors, which leads to suspect other potential risk factors. Its high risk in the Indian subcontinent is related to the popularity of pan-tobacco (a combination of betel leaf, lime, areca nut and sun-cured tobacco) chewing in the region.The objective of this study was aimed at analysing the incidence, aetiology and clinical presentation of head and neck carcinoma in our population and to evaluate the pathological findings and also the TNM staging in patients with head and neck carcinoma.