This paper proposes a first-order current mode universal filter employing single active building block, namely differential difference dual-X second generation current conveyor. The proposed filter is designed to provide multiple filter responses simultaneously, namely low-pass, high-pass, and all-pass on applying a current signal at its input terminal. The proposed work also enjoys the presence of metal oxide semiconductor transistors working as tunable resistors. Some of the key features of the proposed filter are as follows: use of single passive element (a grounded capacitor), ease of cascadability as all the outputs are available at highimpedance ports, low active and passive sensitivities, significantly high frequency of operation (3 MHz), low total harmonic distortion of output current (1.28%), low output current noise (10 pA/√Hz), and low power dissipation (2 mW). A detailed study of device nonidealities is also presented to show the satisfactory performance of the proposed structure under all practical considerations. PSPICE simulations effectively demonstrate the good performance of the proposed filter.
Two new simple and effective voltage mode frequency selective structures that pass all signals are proposed and explored in this paper. The proposed structures use a single active element and three passive components in each. Dual-X second generation current conveyor (DXCCII) is employed as an active element along with two resistors and a capacitor as passive elements. The capacitor is grounded which goes well with the IC fabrication requirements. Both the structures offer low active and passive sensitivities. The presented structures also exhibit the feature of high input impedance. A comprehensive study of device non-idealities and parasitic is also included to highlight the non-ideal performance of the presented ideas. In addition, to prevent the use of passive resistors, resistor less realizations of proposed structures are also explored by replacing the passive resistors with MOS-based active resistors. A quadrature oscillator is also presented as one of the possible applications of the proposed frequency selective structures. Simulations results are in match with the theoretically analyzed performance.
The paper introduces a new circuit of voltage-mode multifunction biquadratic filter employing one fully differential second-generation current conveyor, three active resistors, and two capacitors. The circuit uses metal oxide semiconductor-based active resistors instead of passive resistors to make the circuit more suitable for monolithic integration as well as to provide additional feature of electronically controllable pole frequency. Low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-reject filtering functions are simultaneously realizable without need of any component matching constraints from the proposed multifunction biquadratic filter. Additionally, the nonideal aspects of multifunction biquadratic filter circuit are studied. Furthermore, a third-order dual-mode quadrature oscillator is also derived from the low-pass function of the proposed multifunction filter to check its applicability. The proposed oscillator structure makes the output current readily available from high-impedance terminals. The performance of both multifunction biquadratic filter circuit and oscillator circuit is examined with the help of HSPICE simulations.
A novel first-order universal filter structure supporting current mode operation is proposed in this paper. The filter has a single active building block based realization and utilizes an extra-X second-generation current conveyor as an active building block. Additionally, the proposed circuit employs a grounded resistor and a grounded capacitor as passive components. The circuit has the ability to deliver the all-pass, high-pass, and low-pass functionalities simultaneously without meeting any passive components matching constraint. High output impedance and load insensitive outputs are other remarkable signal processing features offered by the proposed filter structure. Theoretical behavior of the proposed filter is described by presenting ideal, non-ideal, parasitic, and stability analyses. Additionally, the resistorless variant of the proposed filter is also shown to impart the tunability feature. Personal simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (PSPICE) simulation results are presented to verify the theoretically described performance of the proposed universal filter. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) realization of extra-X second-generation current conveyor is utilized for the purpose of simulations, therefore, the filter is CMOS compatible.
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