Background
Ubiquitination is essential for many cellular processes in eukaryotes, including 26S proteasome-dependent protein degradation, cell cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, and signal transduction. Although numerous ubiquitinated proteins have been empirically identified, their cognate ubiquitin E3 ligases remain largely unknown.
Results
Here, we generate a complete ubiquitin E3 ligase-encoding open reading frames (UbE3-ORFeome) library containing 98.94% of the 1515 E3 ligase genes in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome. In the test screens with four known ubiquitinated proteins, we identify both known and new E3s. The interaction and degradation between several E3s and their substrates are confirmed in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we identify the F-box E3 ligase OsFBK16 as a hub-interacting protein of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase family OsPAL1–OsPAL7. We demonstrate that OsFBK16 promotes the degradation of OsPAL1, OsPAL5, and OsPAL6. Remarkably, we find that overexpression of OsPAL1 or OsPAL6 as well as loss-of-function of OsFBK16 in rice displayed enhanced blast resistance, indicating that OsFBK16 degrades OsPALs to negatively regulate rice immunity.
Conclusions
The rice UbE3-ORFeome is the first complete E3 ligase library in plants and represents a powerful proteomic resource for rapid identification of the cognate E3 ligases of ubiquitinated proteins and establishment of functional E3–substrate interactome in plants.
The inner-surface damage of water conveyance tunnels is the main hidden danger that threatens their safety and leads to serious accidents. The method based on the principle of acoustic reflection is the main means of inspecting damage to water-conveyance tunnels. However, affected by the tunnel environment and equipment noise, the obtained acoustic point cloud model inevitably suffers from noise, which can produce erroneous results. Therefore, we proposed a novel filtering method, called unsharp-mask-guided filtering for 3D point cloud, to reduce the impact of noise on the acoustic point cloud model of water-conveyance tunnels. The proposed method fuses the ideas of guided filtering and the unsharp masking technique and extends them to the 3D point cloud model by considering the position of the point. In addition, edge-aware weighting mean is also used to retain the edge features of the point cloud model while smoothing the noise points. The experimental results show that our method can obtain impressive results and a better performance in both the acoustic point cloud model of the tunnel and the simulated point cloud model than many state-of-the-art methods.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.