We present a richly annotated and genre-diversified language resource, the Prague Dependency Treebank-Consolidated 1.0 (PDT-C 1.0), the purpose of which is -as it always been the case for the family of the Prague Dependency Treebanks -to serve both as a training data for various types of NLP tasks as well as for linguistically-oriented research. PDT-C 1.0 contains four different datasets of Czech, uniformly annotated using the standard PDT scheme (albeit not everything is annotated manually, as we describe in detail here). The texts come from different sources: daily newspaper articles, Czech translation of the Wall Street Journal, transcribed dialogs and a small amount of user-generated, short, often non-standard language segments typed into a web translator. Altogether, the treebank contains around 180,000 sentences with their morphological, surface and deep syntactic annotation. The diversity of the texts and annotations should serve well the NLP applications as well as it is an invaluable resource for linguistic research, including comparative studies regarding texts of different genres. The corpus is publicly and freely available.
The present paper outlines an ongoing project of annotation of the extended nominal coreference and the bridging anaphora in the Prague Dependency Treebank. We describe the annotation scheme with respect to the linguistic classification of coreferential and bridging relations and focus also on details of the annotation process from the technical point of view. We present methods of helping the annotators -by a pre-annotation and by several useful features implemented in the annotation tool. Our method of the inter-annotator agreement is focused on the improvement of the annotation guidelines; we present results of three subsequent measurements of the agreement.
PlayCoref is a concept of an on-line language game designed to acquire a substantial amount of text data with the coreference annotation. We describe in detail various aspects of the game design and discuss features that affect the quality of the annotation.
CzeDLex is a new electronic lexicon of Czech discourse connectives, planned for publication by the end of this year. Its data format and structure are based on a study of similar existing resources, and adjusted to comply with the Czech syntactic tradition and specifics and with the Prague approach to the annotation of semantic discourse relations in text.In the article, we first put the lexicon in context of related resources and discuss theoretical aspects of building the lexicon -we present arguments for our choice of the data structure and for selecting features of the lexicon entries, while special attention is paid to a consistent and (as far as possible) uniform encoding of both primary (such as in English because, therefore) and secondary connectives (e.g. for this reason, this is the reason why). The main principle adopted for nesting entries in the lexicon is -apart from the lexical form of the connective -a discoursesemantic type (sense) expressed by the given connective, which enables us to deal with a broad formal variability of connectives and is convenient for interlinking CzeDLex with lexicons in other languages.Second, we introduce the chosen technical solution based on the Prague Markup Language, which allows for an efficient incorporation of the lexicon into the family of Prague treebanksit can be directly opened and edited in the tree editor TrEd, processed from the command line in btred, interlinked with its source corpus and queried in the PML Tree Query engine.Third, we describe the process of getting data for the lexicon by exploiting a large corpus manually annotated with discourse relations -the Prague Discourse Treebank 2.0: we elaborate on the automatic extraction part, post-extraction checks and manual addition of supplementary linguistic information.
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