To ensure site–specific drug release in tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts and reduce the systemic toxicity of chemotherapy, a novel drug delivery system called human serum albumin-indocyanine green-cisplatin nanoparticles was developed.
Background
Local recurrence is the main cause of death among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study assessed near-infrared fluorescence (NIF) imaging and spectroscopy to monitor surgical margins intraoperatively for OSCC.
Methods
Cytological and animal experiments were first performed to confirm the feasibility of monitoring surgical margins with NIF imaging and spectroscopy. Then, 20 patients with OSCC were included in the clinical trials. At 6–8 h after 0.75 mg/kg indocyanine green (ICG) injection, all patients underwent surgery with NIF imaging. During the surgery, both NIF images and quantified fluorescence intensity were acquired to monitor the surgical margins.
Results
In cytological and animal experiments, the results showed it was feasible to monitor surgical margins with NIF imaging and spectroscopy. Fluorescence was detected in primary tumors in all patients. The fluorescence intensities of the tumor, peritumoral, and normal tissues were 398.863 ± 151.47, 278.52 ± 84.89, and 274.5 ± 100.93 arbitrary units (AUs), respectively (P < 0.05). The SBR of tumor to peritumoral tissue and normal tissues was computed to be 1.45 ± 0.36 and 1.56 ± 0.41, respectively. After primary tumor excision, the wounds showed abnormal fluorescence in four patients (4/20), and residual cancer cells were confirmed by pathological examination in two patients (2/20).
Conclusion
These findings confirmed the complementary value of NIF imaging during radical tumor resection of OSCC. Before tumor resection, we could utilize the fluorescence margin produced by ICG NIF imaging to determine the surgical margin. Moreover, after tumor blocks were removed, the status of surgical margin could also be evaluated rapidly by ICG NIF imaging of tumor bed and in vitro specimens.
Background: A positive surgical margin (PSM) following oral cancer resection results in local recurrence and poor prognosis. Mono-block tumor specimens, especially from the tumor base, are difficult to evaluate. This inaccurate sampling ultimately leads to a false pathological diagnosis. Lugol's iodine (I 2-IK)-enhanced micro-CT is an emerging method to image tumor specimens. This study explores the feasibility of I 2-IK-enhanced micro-CT to evaluate the surgical margin for tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) specimens and to further seek optimal staining parameters. Methods: Rabbit tongue tissues and human TSCC samples were imaged via I 2-IKenhanced micro-CT. The optimal I 2-IK concentration and staining time were determined before clinical application using tissue shrinkage, micro-CT image quality, and effect on pathological diagnosis as assessment criteria. Next, 6 TSCC specimens were used to verify the process feasibility of surgical margin imaging with the optimal parameters. Finally, the possible reason by which I 2-IK could enhance micro-CT imaging was validated in vitro. Results: I 2-IK staining influenced specimen shrinkage, micro-CT image quality, and pathological image quality in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. After comprehensively considering these indicators, 3% I 2-IK staining for 48 and 12 h were found to be optimal for rabbit tongue tissues and TSCC samples, respectively. This method could provide a detailed 3-D structure of TSCC samples compared with H&E sections. Moreover, tumor and normal tissues could be differentiated by their glycogen content, which has high affinity with I 2-IK. Conclusions: I 2-IK-enhanced micro-CT could, thus, indicate the tumor margin and assist pathological sampling in patients with TSCC postoperation.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a critical role in the onset and progression of malignancies, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), making CAFs a promising druggable target. In this study,...
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