In recent years, flexible stress sensors capable of monitoring diverse body movements and physiological signals have been attracting great attention in the fields of healthcare systems, human–machine interfaces, and wearable electronics. Inspired by the structure of natural eggshell inner membrane (ESIM), we developed a pressure sensor based on MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/Ag NWs (silver nanowires) composite electrodes and the micro-structured dielectric layer to meet the application requirements of wide detection range and long-term stability for the sensors. In the light of the nanoscale-microarray of the dielectric layer and the rough surface of electrode materials, this pressure sensor is expected to allow great and persistent deformation during the loading process. As a result, the device is characterized by an improved sensitivity, fast response (in the millisecond range), wide detection range (0–600 kPa), and long-term stability. The outstanding performance of the proposed sensor makes it possible to detect various human activities, such as speaking, air blowing, clenching, walking, finger/knee/elbow bending, and striking, demonstrating its good application prospects in wearable and flexible electronic devices.
Capacitive pressure sensors based on bamboo leaves endow adjustable sensitivity, wide working range and remarkable stability, indicating promising applications in diverse application scenarios.
Conductive hydrogel has a vital application prospect in flexible electronic fields such as electronic skin and force sensors. Developing conductive hydrogel with significant toughness and high sensitivity is urgently needed for application research. In this work, a strong and sensitive strain sensor based on conductive hydrogel is demonstrated by introducing MXene (Ti3C2Tx) into the micelle crosslinked polyacrylic acid (PAA)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogel network. The functional polymer micelle crosslinkers can dissipate external stress by deformation, endowing the hydrogel with high strength. The combination of MXene both improves the polymer network structure and the conductive pathways, further enhancing the mechanical properties and sensing performance. Resultantly, the flexible strain sensor base on PAA/PEDOT:PSS/MXene conductive hydrogel exhibits excellent sensing performance with a high gauge factor of 20.86, a large strain detection range of 1000%, as well as good adhesion on different interfaces. Thus, it can be used to monitor various movements of the human body and identify all kinds of handwriting, showing great potential into wearable electronics.
Recently, flexible strain/pressure sensors have made rapid development under the stimulus of the demand for wearable electronics. Those based on carbonized fabrics have attracted great attention by virtue of their outstanding sensing performance, facile fabrication, and low cost. However, it is still challenging for a stretchable sensor to achieve both a wide sensing range and high sensitivity up to now. Therefore, stretchable strain sensors based on carbonized cotton fabrics (CFs) with two-and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) structures are designed utilizing a simple one-step carbonization process, realizing the complementary performance requirement for sensitivity and working range. The 2D sensor based on a planar structure shows a high gauge factor (GF) of 24.12 within a stretching range of 50−100%, while the 3D sensor based on a helical structure exhibits a linear response within a broad strain range of 0−180%. Furthermore, both sensors have been demonstrated to have excellent stability, low detection limit, and good reliability and are also successfully applied to detect small physical stimuli and large joint motions. It is believed that our sensors have great potential in wearable devices for the detection of the full range of human activities.
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