An epidemic caused by SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has appeared in Wuhan City in December 2019. The disease has shown a "clustering epidemic" pattern, and family-clustered onset has been the main characteristic. We collected data about 130 cases from 35 cluster-onset families (COFs) and 41 cases from 16 solitary-onset families (SOFs). The incidence of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in COFs was significantly higher than that of SOFs. Our study also showed that patients with exposure to high-risk factors (respiratory droplets and close contact), advanced age, and comorbidities were more likely to develop COVID-19 in the COFs. In addition, advanced age and elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were risk factors for death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the COFs.

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Background:Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is prevalent in patient with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent studies have found that VitD can induce and maintain IBD remission through antibiosis, anti-inflammatory, and repair of intestinal mucosal barriers, thus improving the patient's disease activity and quality-of-life. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of VitD in the treatment of IBD.Methods:Published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included from electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and so forth). Cochrane handbook was applied to evaluate the methodological quality. The levels of 25(OH)D3, relapse rate, inflammation index, and adverse events were compared between the experimental group and the control group (placebo group). All statistical analyses were directed by Revman 5.3 software and statistical significance was defined as P < .05.Results:Eighteen RCTs involved 908 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that VitD improved the 25(OH)D3 levels more significantly than the control group (ng/mL, weighted mean deviation [WMD] = 7.85, 95% CI (5.52, 10.18), P < .000001), and compared with lower doses, there were significant differences increasing 25(OH)D3 levels (WMD = 11.19, 95% CI [4.73, 17.65], P = .0007) in high-dose VitD treatment while there was no significant difference in the adverse events between 2 groups (WMD = 1.56, 95% CI [0.74, 3.29], P = .24). VitD reduced the relapse rate more significantly than the control group, but there were no significant differences between the low-dose and high-dose vitamin D treatment. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) of the VitD and the control group showed no statistically significant difference (ESR [mm/h]: WMD = –0.22, 95% CI [–5.73, 5.29], P = .94; hsCRP (mg/dL): WMD = −0.53, 95% CI [–1.68, 0.62], P = .37).Conclusions:The treatment of VitD in patients with IBD can improve the level of 25(OH)D3 and control the relapse rate of the disease, whose clinical curative effect is more accurate. Thus VitD should be recommended for the treatment of IBD, at least as an adjunctive treatment.

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Seven experimental pilot-scale subsurface vertical-flow constructed wetlands were designed to assess the effect of plants [Typha latifolia L. (cattail)], intermittent artificial aeration and the use of polyhedron hollow polypropylene balls (PHPB) as part of the wetland substrate on nutrient removal from eutrophic Jinhe River water in Tianjin, China. During the entire running period, observations indicated that plants played a negligible role in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal but significantly enhanced ammonia-nitrogen (NH 4 -N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N) total nitrogen (TN), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and total phosphorus (TP) removal. The introduction of intermittent artificial aeration and the presence of PHPB could both improve COD, NH 4 -N, TN, SRP and TP removal. Furthermore, aerated wetlands containing PHPB performed best; the following improvements were noted: 10.38 g COD/ m 2 day, 1.34 g NH 4 -N/m 2 day, 1.04 g TN/m 2 day, 0.07 g SRP/m 2 day and 0.07 g TP/m 2 day removal, if compared to non-aerated wetlands without PHPB being presented.

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There is no difference in success rates between single venous anastomosis and dual venous anastomoses for mandibular reconstruction with free fibula osteocutaneous flap.

This paper presents a hybrid algorithm for separation of two simultaneous partial discharge (PD) sources of oil-paper insulation based on S transform (ST) and affinity propagation clustering (APC). Similarities between PD pulses are acquired by comparisonsof the corresponding ST-amplitude (STA) matrices, which are input of APC to realize the PD pulses separation and obtain two sub-groups of PD pulses having similar time-frequency characteristics. A classification-based model for separation results validation are developed using a support vector machine with particle swarm optimization (PSO-SVM) classifier and 27 phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) statistical features. Artificial defect models are made to simulate two PD sources simultaneously active. Several PD data of different two simultaneous PD sources are acquired in laboratory and adopted for algorithm testing. It is shown that ST computes very fast and is suitable for online PD applications. The separation results of PD data produced in laboratory are verified by the developed validation model, which demonstrate that ST combined with APC can effectively eliminate pulse-shaped noises (PSN) and separate pulses of two simultaneous PD sources. Comparisons with typical separation methods from the state of the art provide better separation performance of the proposed ST combined with APC algorithm for two simultaneous PD sources. The obtained results in this work provide a solid basis for the data mining technique that can be used to facilitate PD diagnosis of transformers.