Transfer development rights (TDR) programs have been gaining popularity as a tool for farmland preservation, as they compensate landowners at minimal public cost. This study shows that despite their wide adoption, TDR programs do not save much farmland on the urban fringe. We use Department of Agriculture data and apply two quasi‐experimental methods, synthetic control, and difference‐in‐difference, to evaluate the effect of TDR programs on farm retention for three fringe metropolitan counties in the state of Maryland. We also compare land use patterns before and after TDR implementation in these counties. The result shows limited effects of TDR programs on farm preservation, even in Montgomery County, one of the national models for TDR programs. TDR programs do contribute to low and medium density residential development. This cautions observation planners about their enthusiasm toward TDR programs and highlights the difficulty of preserving farmland on the fringe of metropolitan regions. We compare the features of the studied TDR programs, and highlight those that account for the programs’ relative success/failure. Based on these analyses, we make recommendations to planners to help improve TDR effectiveness.
The study purposed to empirically analyze step-by-step determinants of housing behaviors for elderly homeowners in Daegu ․ Gyeongbuk who have ever moved their houses, determined housing tenure patterns or chosen housing types. Many experts told that Daegu ․ Gyeongbuk could see intensified aging in the future. In particular, this study focused on the effects of housing costs and dissatisfaction on housing behaviors of elderly homeowners. For this purpose, both the 2016~2020 Korean housing survey and the multinomial logistic regression were used. As a result, when elderly homeowners were burdened with housing costs, there were negative inclinations of intra-regional residential mobility and the choices of home ownership and apartments. The elderly usually moved from the suburban area to the downtown and selected Jeonse ․ monthly-rent, nursing facilities or the downsizing of their houses. In addition, when elderly homeowners were dissatisfied with the residential environment, there were positive inclinations of migration villages, housing tenure and housing types. In other words, if the current residential environment would not meet the needs of daily life, elderly homeowners were expected to move to a new residential environment where they wanted regardless of the housing condition. This study suggested a policy implication in terms of residential stability through aging in place (AIP) for elderly homeowners in Daegu-Gyeongbuk.
In the rising trend of population aging, housing issue of the older population is an important factor for stable retirement design. In particular, aging in place (AIP) is a critical issue regarding their housing. This study empirically analyzes the determinants of residential duration that are directly related to AIP. This study focuses on the effect of universal design in housing on residential duration. The regression models using the 2020 Korean Housing Survey data found the following. In the case of small-scale renovation, such as removing stairs and installing safety handles, residential duration showed a negative (-) trend. Presumably, after retirement, the elderly move to a house with a basic universal design through housing consumption. However, in the case of medium-scale renovation (installing a kitchen workbench) and large-scale renovation (the wheelchair doorway of the house and installation of an emergency bell in the house), residential duration showed a positive (+) trend.AIP is expected to be attempted through home modifications in the place where the elderly live without residential mobility. This study presents policy implications for improving housing stability for the elderly through AIP.
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