We study six-wave mixing (SWM) spectroscopy based on electromagnetically induced transparency in a Doppler-broadened cascade four-level system. It is found that the SWM spectra are extremely sensitive to the configuration of the incident beams, where the linewidth can be either Doppler-free or very broad, due to the polarization interference of atoms of different velocities. This polarization interference can be controlled in the presence of a strong coupling field. Moreover, SWM can be employed as a new type of Doppler-free Autler–Townes (AT) spectroscopy, which has better spectral resolution than conventional AT spectroscopy. Finally, we also reveal the intrinsic connection between frequency-domain SWM spectroscopy and time-domain photon echoes through studying the time-domain correspondence of SWM.
The effects of Doppler broadening on Autler-Townes (AT) splitting in six-wave mixing (SWM) are investigated by the dressed-state model. We analyze the velocities at which the atoms are in resonance with the dressed states through Doppler frequency shifting and find that, depending on the wave-number ratio, there may be two resonant velocities which can originate from resonance with one of the dressed states or from resonance with two different dressed states. Based on this model, we discuss a novel type of AT doublet in the SWM spectrum, where macroscopic effects play an important role. Specifically, the existence of resonant peaks requires polarization interference between atoms of different velocities in addition to a change in the number of resonant atoms involved. Our model can also be employed to analyze electromagnetically induced transparency resonance and other types of Doppler-free high-resolution AT spectroscopy.
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