Bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been employed as a mild biological template in nanoscale particles. Copper sulfide (CuS) has been used for photothermal therapy (PTT) in several studies. In this study, we aimed to synthesize the 131I‐labeled BSA‐modified CuS nanoparticles (131I‐BSA@CuS), with attributes of both radiotherapy and PTT, as a therapeutic agent against anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). BSA@CuS nanoparticles were prepared using the solvothermal reaction and then labeled with Na131I by the chloramine‐T method. The products were characterized and their cytotoxicity was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic efficacy of 131I‐BSA@CuS was evaluated in ARO cell (an ATC cell line) subcutaneous tumors. The nanoparticles showed good biocompatibility and low toxicity in vitro and in vivo. BSA@CuS rapidly and effectively converted the light energy from an 808 nm laser into thermal energy with a conversion efficiency of 28.07%. SPECT/CT imaging demonstrated that the accumulation of radioactivity peaked within 24 hr and resided in the tumors for 5 days post intratumoral injection. In vivo assays indicated that, compared to monotherapy, the synthesized nanoparticles employing both PTT and radiotherapy possess better therapeutic efficacy against tumors. The synthesized nanomaterial showed uniform dispersion, good stability and aqueous solubility, excellent photothermal properties, and long‐term retention in ATC. Hence, combined radiotherapy and PTT can significantly inhibit tumor growth compared to monotherapy, and can be applied in clinical settings.
Purpose Lugol's solution could control thyroid function and suppress 131 I uptake in hyperthyroidism. This study aimed to investigate the appropriate time to withdraw Lugol's solution before 131 I therapy (RIT) in Graves' disease (GD) patients, and how this should in uence thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb), 131 I uptake and RIT outcome.Methods Two groups (125 cases and 1805 cases) of GD patients reveived RIT, who were pre-treated with and without Lugol's solution (RI-CI group and RI group). The RI-CI group was further divided into the following sub-groups depending on the duration span between Lugol's solution withdrawal and RIT: sub-roup A, 4-7 d (n = 49); sub-group B, 8-14 d (n = 41); and sub-group C, 15-30 d (n = 35). The highest radioactive iodine uptake rate (RAIU max ), effective half-life (T eff ), TRAb, and free triiodothyronine (FT 3 ) and free thyroxine (FT 4 ) levels were compared, and therapeutic outcome was evaluated.Results There were no signi cant differences in RAIU max , TRAb, and T eff among the four sub-groups (P > 0.05). Both FT 3 and FT 4 levels in sub-groups A and B were lower than those in group RI and sub-group C (P < 0.05). The outcome of non-hyperthyroidism (euthyroidism + hypothyroidism) in groups RI-CI and RI were signi cantly different at post-RIT month 1 and 3 (P < 0.05). However, intergroup differences at 6 and 12 months were not signi cant (P > 0.05).Conclusions Withdrawal of Lugol's solution 4-7 or 8-14 d before RIT does not in uence 131 I uptake and RIT e cacy in GD. Moreover, in order to avoid a rapid increase in thyroid hormone levels at the same time, Lugol's solution should be withdrawn 4-7 d before RIT. BackgroundThe treatment of hyperthyroidism or Graves' disease (GD) by 131 I is a widely accepted approach in cases with preserved iodine uptake capacity of the thyroid gland [1, 2]. However, in GD patients with aggravated symptoms, immediate 131 I therapy (RIT) may be a risk factor for hyperthyroidism crisis if pre-treatment is not administered.Lugol's solution (containing 5% iodine and 10% potassium iodide) can quickly affect the iodine metabolism in the thyroid, decrease the iodine pool, prevent iodine uptake, inhibit proteolytic enzymes, reduce thyroglobulin decomposition, inhibit the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones, and quickly suppress serum thyroid hormone levels. Lugol's solution can also reduce blood ow to the thyroid gland, antagonize glandular congestion, and shrink and harden the gland. Clinically, Lugol's solution is often used with the aim of pre-operative preparation in GD patients. Lugol's solution is also used in patients with precursor hyperthyroidism crisis, hyperthyroidism patients with liver damage, neutropenia or other severe complications after antithyroid drug (ATD), and patients with aggravated symptoms after RIT.However, the use of Lugol's solution shall affect 131 I uptake and the e cacy of RIT in GD patients. Hence, the appropriate commencement and secession of Lugol's solution as a pre-treatment before RIT is an interesting
Background: Hypothyroidism is a common disorder due to inadequate thyroid hormone secretion, In patients with hypothyroidism, levothyroxine (LT4) is the treatment of choice, and tablets are the most common dosage form. However, the main limitation of tablet LT4 is malabsorption. Objective: This study intends to develop a new dosage form of percutaneous drug delivery for levothyroxine. Absorption of levothyroxine sodium through the application of gel formulation was studied using a hypothyroidism rat model. Methods: A formulation of levothyroxine sodium gel was developed and selected. In-vitro transdermal experiments were performed using the vertical Franz diffusion pool method, and gel formulation was used for animal research (hypothyroidism rats model). Total 30 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, and one was the normal control group. The other 5 groups were prepared as hypothyroidism models. After applying different doses of gel preparation to the rat model, we measured serum total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) using fluorescence determination of luminescence immunoassay. Results: The optimum formulation of levothyroxine gels comprised 20% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 5% glycerol, 2% azone, and 6% oleic acid. The application of levothyroxine sodium gel resulted in quick and smooth action so that the predicted level of the normal control group could be reached within 2 weeks, and it lasted steadily for 8 weeks. Conclusion: This research study successfully developed and tested an optimal formulation of levothyroxine gel with therapeutic benefit on hypothyroidism in rats.
BackgroundPopulation-based estimates of the incidence and prognosis of bone metastases (BM) stratified by histologic subtype at diagnosis of thyroid cancer are limited.MethodsUsing multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses, we identified risk factors for BM and investigated the prognostic survival of BM patients between 2010 and 2015 via the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.ResultsAmong 64,083 eligible patients, a total of 347 patients with BM at the time of diagnosis were identified, representing 0.5% of the entire cohort but 32.4% of the subset with metastases. BM incidence was highest (11.6%) in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), which, nevertheless, was highest (61.5%) in follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) among the subset with metastases. The median overall survival among BM patients was 40.0 months, and 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 65.2%, 51.3%, and 38.7%, respectively. Compared with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), FTC (aOR, 6.33; 95% CI, 4.72–8.48), medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) (aOR, 6.04, 95% CI, 4.09–8.92), and ATC (aOR, 6.21; 95% CI, 4.20–9.18) significantly increased the risk of developing BM. However, only ATC (aHR, 6.07; 95% CI, 3.83–9.60) was independently associated with worse survival in multivariable analysis. Additionally, patients with BM alone (56.5%) displayed the longest median survival (66.0 months), compared with those complicated with one extraskeletal metastatic site (lung, brain, or liver) (35.2%; 14.0 months) and two or three sites (8.3%; 6.0 months). The former 5-year overall survival rate was 52.6%, which, however, drastically declined to 23.0% in patients with one extraskeletal metastatic site and 9.1% with two or three sites.ConclusionCloser bone surveillance should be required for patients with FTC, MTC, and ATC, and extraskeletal metastases at initial diagnosis frequently predict a poorer prognosis.
PurposeTo assess predictive value of clinical and pathological characteristics for metastatic radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (RAIR-DTC) in early stage retrospectively.MethodsWe studied 199 metastatic DTC patients who were divided into two groups (TgAb negative and TgAb positive). The stimulated Tg (Sti-Tg) at the first and second radioiodine therapy (RIT) were defined as Sti-Tg1 and Sti-Tg2, the suppressed Tg (Sup-Tg) were designated as Sup-Tg1 and Sup-Tg2, while the TgAb were defined as TgAb1 and TgAb2, respectively. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression were used to investigate the effects of 13 observed factors to predict RAIR-DTC.ResultsIn TgAb negative group, ROC curve analysis showed that cut-off values of age, Sti-Tg2/Sti-Tg1 and Sup-Tg2/Sup-Tg1 to predict RAIR-DTC were 40 years old, 57.0% and 81.0%, respectively. Age, extrathyroid invasion, Sti-Tg2/Sti-Tg1, Sup-Tg2/Sup-Tg1 and BRAF gene mutation were proved to be independent factors predicting RAIR-DTC. In TgAb-positive group, ROC curve analysis showed that cut-off values of age, TgAb1 and TgAb2/TgAb1 to predict RAIR-DTC were 55 years old, 297 IU/ml (14.8 times higher than the upper limit) and 53.6%, respectively.ConclusionsFor TgAb-negative DTC, age over 40, extraglandular invasion, mutated BRAF gene, Sti-Tg decreased less than 43%, and Sup-Tg decreased less than 19% after the first two courses of RIT were independent predictors for RAIR-DTC. For TgAb-positive DTC, age over 55, extraglandular invasion, mutated BRAF gene, distant metastasis before RIT, TgAb level 14.8 times higher than the upper limit, TgAb dropped less than 46.4% after two courses of RIT were influencing factors.
Purpose Lugol’s solution could control thyroid function and suppress 131I uptake in hyperthyroidism. This study aimed to investigate the appropriate time to withdraw Lugol’s solution before 131I therapy (RIT) in Graves’ disease (GD) patients, and how this should influence thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb), 131I uptake and RIT outcome.Methods Two groups (125 cases and 1805 cases) of GD patients reveived RIT, who were pre-treated with and without Lugol’s solution (RI-CI group and RI group). The RI-CI group was further divided into the following sub-groups depending on the duration span between Lugol’s solution withdrawal and RIT: sub-roup A, 4-7 d (n = 49); sub-group B, 8-14 d (n = 41); and sub-group C, 15-30 d (n = 35). The highest radioactive iodine uptake rate (RAIUmax), effective half-life (Teff), TRAb, and free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were compared, and therapeutic outcome was evaluated. Results There were no significant differences in RAIUmax, TRAb, and Teff among the four sub-groups (P > 0.05). Both FT3 and FT4 levels in sub-groups A and B were lower than those in group RI and sub-group C (P < 0.05). The outcome of non-hyperthyroidism (euthyroidism + hypothyroidism) in groups RI-CI and RI were significantly different at post-RIT month 1 and 3 (P < 0.05). However, intergroup differences at 6 and 12 months were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions Withdrawal of Lugol’s solution 4-7 or 8-14 d before RIT does not influence 131I uptake and RIT efficacy in GD. Moreover, in order to avoid a rapid increase in thyroid hormone levels at the same time, Lugol’s solution should be withdrawn 4-7 d before RIT.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.