Fluorescent copper nanoparticles (F-CuNPs) have received great attention due to their attractive features, such as water solubility, wide availability, ease of functionalization and good biocompatibility, and considerable efforts have been devoted to the preparation and applications of F-CuNPs. This review article comprises three main parts. In the first part, we briefly present the fluorescence properties of F-CuNPs. Then we cover the fabrication strategies of various F-CuNPs functionalized by different ligands. In the third part, we focus on the applications of F-CuNPs for sensing metal ions, including Hg(2+), Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(3+) and other metal ions. Lastly, we further discuss the opportunities and challenges of F-CuNPs in the synthetic strategies and applications for sensing metal ions.
A series of chiral and helical Pt -Salen complexes with 1,1'-binaphthyl linkers were synthesized and characterized. Owing to the restriction of intramolecular motions of central 1,1'-binaphthyls, the complexes exhibit unusual near-infrared aggregation-induced phosphorescence (AIP). The (R)/(S) enantiopure complexes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, circular dichroism spectra, time-dependent density functional theory calculations, and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The present work explores the use of tetradentate ligands that can be easily prepared from commercially available enantiopure compounds, and the subsequent preparation of stable CPL-active square planar Pt complexes with AIP effect that may have interest in many applications.
Binaphthyls-linked Pt(ii) complexes with metal-induced chirality self-assemble to build 1D M or P helices and show aggregation/racemization-induced and circularly polarized luminescence.
Chiral organometallic complexes have
demonstrated many potential
and practical applications. However, building metal-induced chirality
for square-planar complexes still remains a big challenge, because
their 2D planar molecular structures are usually superimposable on
their mirror images. Herein, we report a straightforward and efficient
way to achieve a novel kind of planar chirality by constructing 3D
double-layer molecular structures. When the achiral ligand 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol
(OXT) was used to bridge two square-planar complexes, a pair of racemic R/S planar-chiral binuclear Pt(II) complexes
was obtained, which could be separated by chiral high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, enantiopure R,R,R or S,S,S complexes could be prepared by the use
of chiral (R)-/(S)-binaphthalene-derived
OXT ligands in 99% diastereoselectivity without the use of chiral
HPLC. The binaphthalene groups help to ensure good solubility and
a smooth amorphous thin film morphology but have little effect on
the photophysical properties. The resultant complexes display strong
orange-red and near-infrared phosphorescence with quantum yields of
up to 83.4% and can be applied as emitters in highly efficient solution-processed
organic light-emitting diodes to achieve luminance, luminance efficiency,
external quantum efficiency, and an asymmetry factor of up to 3.22
× 104 cd m–2, 28.7 cd A–1, 14.3%, and 2.0 × 10–3, respectively. With
a comprehensive consideration of EL efficiency and the asymmetry factor,
this is the best performance among Pt(II) complex based circularly
polarized OLEDs. Therefore, this work provides a new and simple strategy
to build planar chirality for chiroptical and circularly polarized
luminescence applications.
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