ObjectiveTo identify the risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing elective resection of the colon and rectum. Summary Background DataSSI causes a substantial number of deaths and complications. Determining risk factors for SSI may provide information on reducing complications and improving outcome.

In our retrospective study high-grade lymphoma was the only significant adverse prognostic factor for survival. Receiving adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved survival in patients with Stage II disease. Patients with diffuse large-cell type had better survival than patients with small noncleaved-cell type in Stage II high-grade lymphoma.

No abstract

Hypoalbuminemia is a predictor of poor surgical outcomes of colon cancer and is a poor prognosis factor for long-term survival of colon cancer after curative operation.

Preoperative NLR influenced the disease-free survival in patients with stages I to III CRC. Elevated NLR (>3) was associated with worse outcome (5-year disease-free survival 66.3  % vs. 78.9  % in colon cancer, P < 0.001; 60. 5 % vs. 66.2  % in rectal cancer, P = 0.008). The difference was larger in colon cancer than in rectal cancer. NLR should be considered as a prognostic factor for stages I to III CRC patients after curative surgery.

HCT-8 colon cancer cells secreted heat shock protein 90␣ (HSP90␣) and had increased invasiveness upon serum starvation. The concentrated conditioned medium of serum-starved HCT-8 cells was able to stimulate the migration and invasion of non-serum-starved cells, which could be prevented by treatment with an anti-HSP90␣ antibody. Recombinant HSP90␣ (rHSP90␣) also enhanced HCT-8 cell migration and invasion, suggesting a stimulatory role of secreted HSP90␣ in cancer malignancy. HSP90␣ binding to CD91␣ and Neu was evidenced by the proximity ligation assay, and rHSP90␣-induced HCT-8 cell invasion could be suppressed by the addition of anti-CD91␣ or anti-Neu antibodies. Via CD91␣ and Neu, rHSP90␣ selectively induced integrin ␣ V expression, and knockdown of integrin ␣ V efficiently blocked rHSP90␣-induced HCT-8 cell invasion. rHSP90␣ induced the activities of ERK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-B p65, but only NF-B activation was involved in HSP90␣-induced integrin ␣ V expression. Additionally, we investigated the serum levels of HSP90␣ and the expression status of tumor integrin ␣ V mRNA in colorectal cancer patients. Serum HSP90␣ levels of colorectal cancer patients were significantly higher than those of normal volunteers (p < 0.001). Patients with higher serum HSP90␣ levels significantly exhibited elevated levels of integrin ␣ V mRNA in tumor tissues as compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (p < 0.001). Furthermore, tumor integrin ␣ V overexpression was significantly correlated with TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) staging (p ‫؍‬ 0.001).Heat shock protein 90␣ (HSP90␣) 2 is a molecular chaperone that aids in proper protein folding, maturation, and intracellular trafficking of numerous proteins (1). Thus far, more than 100 proteins have been identified that are regulated by HSP90␣, including Akt, Neu/Her-2 (ErbB2), HIF-1␣, Bcr-Abl, Raf-1, and mutated p53 (2). Many of these proteins are important mediators of signal transduction and cell cycle control and are also involved in the development and progression of cancer cells. Increasing evidence has suggested HSP90␣ as a novel therapeutic target. By inhibiting its chaperone activity, many HSP90␣ inhibitors cause the destabilization and eventual degradation of client proteins, and therefore, exhibit potent in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activities (3). Among them, 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin is a first-in-class HSP90␣ inhibitor and is currently in phase II clinical trials. Nevertheless, most studies regarding HSP90␣ have focused on its function as a cytosolic chaperone; the secretion of HSP90␣ has been less well studied until recently.HSP90␣ is not only expressed in the cytoplasm, but it is also localized on the cell surface (4 -6). Through an interaction with the extracellular domain of Neu/Her-2, surface HSP90 is involved in heregulin-induced Neu/Her-2 activation and signaling, leading to cytoskeletal rearrangements and migration and invasion of breast cancer cells (7). Recent studies have shown that HSP90 could be secreted by keratinocytes, nonsmall cell lung cancer CL...

Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been proven as a prognostic marker for metastatic colorectal cancer (m-CRC) patients. However, the currently available techniques for capturing and enumerating CTCs lack of required sensitivity to be applicable as a prognostic marker for non-metastatic patients as CTCs are even more rare. We have developed a microfluidic device utilizing antibody-conjugated non-fouling coating to eliminate nonspecific binding and to promote the multivalent binding of target cells. We then established the correlation of CTC counts and neoplasm progression through applying this platform to capture and enumerate CTCs in 2 mL of peripheral blood from healthy (n = 27), benign (n = 21), non-metastatic (n = 95), and m-CRC (n = 15) patients. The results showed that the CTC counts progressed from 0, 1, 5, to 36. Importantly, after 2-year follow-up on the non-metastatic CRC patients, we found that those who had ≥5 CTCs were 8 times more likely to develop distant metastasis within one year after curable surgery than those who had <5. In conclusion, by employing a sensitive device, CTC counts show good correlation with colorectal neoplasm, thus CTC may be as a simple, independent prognostic marker for the non-metastatic CRC patients who are at high risk of early recurrence.

An elevated NLR is an independent predictor of OS but not DFS in stage II colon cancer patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Preoperative NLR measurement in stage II colon cancer patients may be a simple method for identifying patients with a poor prognosis who can be enrolled in further trials of adjuvant chemotherapy.