In this study, to investigate whether endoplastic reticulum (ER) stress correlated with FOXM1 in colorectal cancer, we analysed the mRNA levels of FOXM1 and ER stress markers HSPA5 and spliced XBP1 by qRT-PCR. FOXM1 mRNA levels were found to positively correlate with HSPA5 in colorectal cancer. However, no significant correlation between FOXM1 and spliced XBP1 mRNA levels was found. Theses results suggested the positive correlation between FOXM1 and HSPA5 in colorectal cancer was not associated with ER stress. Next, we provided evidences that FOXM1 promoted HSPA5 transcription by directly binding to and stimulating HSPA5 promoter. Moreover, a FOXM1-binding site mapped between -1019 and -1012 bp of the proximal HSPA5 promoter was identified. In addition, we found that enhancement of cell migration and invasion by FOXM1 was significantly attenuated by depletion of HSPA5 in colorectal cancer cell. Furthermore, FOXM1 triggered colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion was involved in activities of cell-surface HSPA5. Lastly, our results suggested FOXM1 facilitated the activities and expressions of MMP2 and 9 associated with cell-surface HSPA5 in colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, statistically significant positive correlations between FOXM1 and MMP2 mRNA expression, between HSPA5 and MMP2 were found in colorectal cancer tissue specimens. Together, our results suggested that FOXM1-HSPA5 signaling might be considered as a novel molecular target for designing novel therapeutic regimen to control colorectal cancer metastasis and progression.
This work presents the design and implementation of a 2.4 GHz low power wireless transceiver analog front-end for the endoscopy capsule system in 0.25 lm CMOS. The prototype integrates a low-IF receiver analog front-end (low noise amplifier, double-balanced downconverter, band-pass-filtered AGC loop, and ASK demodulator) and a direct-conversion transmitter analog front-end (20 MHz IF PLL with well-defined amplitude control circuit, ASK modulator, up-converter, and output buffer) on a single chip together with one integrated RF oscillator and two LO buffers. Trade-off has been made over the design boundaries of the different building blocks to optimize the overall system performance. All building blocks feature the circuit topologies that enable comfortable operation at low power consumption. As a result, the IC works at a 2.5 V power supply, while only consuming 15 mW in receiver (RX) mode and 14 mW in transmitter (TX) mode. To build a complete transceiver for the endoscopy capsule system, only an antenna, a duplexer, and a digital controller are needed besides the presented analog front-end chip.
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