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ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)In this paper, the matrix pencil method has been utilized for estimating the natural resonances from different transient responses recorded along multiple look directions as a function of time after the incident field has passed the structure. The novelty of this article is that a single estimate for all the poles are done utilizing multiple transient waveforms emanating from the structure along multiple look directions. The SEM poles are independent of the angle at which the transient response is recorded. The only difference between the various waveforms are that the residues at the various poles are of different magnitudes. Some of the residues may even be zero for some of the poles indicating that the contribution from certain SEM poles may not be significant along that look direction. Here all the waveforms are utilized providing a single estimate for the poles without performing an arithmetic mean of the various waveforms.
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ABSTRACT:In this paper, the matrix pencil method has been utilized for estimating the natural resonances from different transient responses recorded along multiple look directions as a function of time after the incident field has passed the structure. The novelty of this article is that a single estimate for all the poles are done utilizing multiple transient waveforms emanating from the structure along multiple look directions. The SEM poles are independent of the angle at which the transient response is recorded. The only difference between the various waveforms are that the residues at the various poles are of different magnitudes. Some of the residues may even be zero for some of the poles indicating that the contribution from certain SEM poles may not be significant along that look direction. Here all the waveforms are utilized providing a single estimate for the poles without performing an arithmetic mean of the various waveforms.
As a result of the open innovation dissemination, the necessity of open innovation is being magnified in the theory of national innovation system. Nevertheless, research on the relationship between the open innovation and national innovation system is insufficient so far. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the open innovation cases of Roman era with the framework of national innovation system. We discovered and analyzed the case of Roman era such as Acquisition, In-sourcing, Collaboration, User innovation and Spin-off among the several type of open innovation. We expect that this research can help the establishment of future national innovation policy.
A direct data domain (D 3) least-squares space-time adaptive processing (STAP) approach is presented for adaptively enhancing signals in a nonhomogeneous environment. The nonhomogeneous environment may consist of nonstationary clutter and could include blinking jammers. The D 3 approach is applied to data collected by an antenna array utilizing space and in time (Doppler) diversity. Conventional STAP generally utilizes statistical methodologies based on estimating a covariance matrix of the interference using data from secondary range cells. As the results are derived from ensemble averages, one filter (optimum in a probabilistic sense) is obtained for the operational environment, assumed to be wide sense stationary. However, for highly transient and inhomogeneous environments the conventional statistical methodology is difficult to apply. Hence, the D 3 method is presented as it analyzes the data in space and time over each range cell separately. The D 3 method is deterministic in approach. From an operational standpoint, an optimum method could be a combination of these two diverse methodologies. This paper represents several new D 3 approaches. One is based on the computation of a generalized eigenvalue for the signal strength and the others are based on the solution of a set of block Hankel matrix equations. Since the matrix of the system of equations to be solved has a block Hankel structure, the conjugate gradient method and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) can be utilized for efficient solution of the adaptive problem. Illustrative examples presented in this paper use measured data from the multichannel airborne radar measurements (MCARM) database to detect a Sabreliner in the presence of urban, land, and sea clutter. An added advantage for the D 3 method in solving real-life problems is that simultaneously many realizations can be obtained for the same solution for the signal of interest (SOI). The degree of variability amongst the different results can provide a confidence level of the processed results. The D 3 method may also be used for mobile communications.
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