A novel coumarin-based compound DPAC with two dipicolylamine (DPA) arms as the chelator sites was designed and synthesized. The compound DPAC exhibits a highly selective response to Cu2+ ions with a distinctly emission-quenching phenomenon. Moreover, the in situ formed complex DPAC-Cu2+ was used for the detection of pyrophosphate (PPi). The binding manner of probe DPAC-Cu2+ with PPi in 1 : 1 stoichiometry was supported by the Benesi-Hildebrand fitting, ESI-MS and HPLC analysis. The linear range of PPi concentration was 1-4 μM, and the detection limit was 0.53 μM. The competing experiments illustrated that the probe DPAC-Cu2+ had good sensitivity and selectivity for PPi than other anions, including ATP, ADP, AMP, and Pi in CH3CN : HEPES (3 : 2, v/v, pH=7.20) buffer. Further, cell fluorescence imaging experiments indicated that the probe DPAC-Cu2+ had a potential to be used to detect PPi in vivo.
A new fluorescence probe L was rationally designed and synthesized for the recognition of Cu2+ ions by the combination of coumarin hydrazide and 2-acetylpyrazine. The photochemical properties and selectivity of L for Cu2+ ions in a CH3CN/HEPES (3 : 2, v/v) buffer were investigated by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra. A highly selective and sensitive response of L for Cu2+ ions over other competing metal ions was observed with limit of detection in 3 μM. The coordination stoichiometry of L to Cu2+ ions was determined to be 1 : 1 by the UV-vis absorption spectrum, the fluorescence titrations, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, L was applied successfully for recognition of intracellular Cu2+ ions in living cells.
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