Drug-radiotherapy is a common and effective combinational treatment for cancer. This study aimed to explore the ionizing radiation–optimized drug treatment based on nanomaterials so as to improve the synergistic efficacy...

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As a kind of high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, internal conversion electrons are emitted from some radionuclides, such as 125I, triggering severe DNA damage to tumor cells when transported into the nucleus. Herein, we develop a curcumin-loaded nanomicelle composed of a photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and amphiphilic poly­(ethylene glycol) (poly­(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene)-poly­(ethylene glycol) (C18-PMH-PEG)) to deliver 125I into the nucleus under 660 nm laser irradiation, leading to the optimized imaging-guided internal conversion electron therapy of cancer. Ce6-containing nanomicelles (Ce6-C18-PEG) self-assemble with nucleus-targeted curcumin (Cur), obtaining Ce6-C18-PEG/Cur nanoparticles. After labeling Cur with 125I, Ce6-C18-PEG/Cur enables single-photon emission computed tomography and fluorescence imaging of the tumor, serving as a guide for follow-up laser irradiation. Notably, the 660 nm laser-triggered photodynamic reaction of Ce6 optimizes the delivery of Ce6-C18-PEG/125I-Cur at various stages, including tumor accumulation, cellular uptake, and lysosome escape, causing plenty of 125I-Cur to enter the nucleus. By this strategy, Ce6-C18-PEG/125I-Cur showed optimal antitumor efficacy and high biosafety in mice treated with local 660 nm laser irradiation using efficient energy deposition of internally converted electrons over short distances. Therefore, our work provides a novel strategy to optimize 125I delivery for tumor treatment.

Imaging-guided local therapy is the most effective strategy to treat primary cancers in patients. However, the local therapeutic effect should be further improved under the premise of absence of induction of additional side effects.It would be meaningful to analyze the potential assistance of nuclear imaging to the follow-up treatments. In this study,cancer-targeted copper sulfide nanoparticles with 99m Tc labeling ( 99m Tc-M-CuS-PEG) are prepared using-cancer cell membranes as a synthesis reactor and applied for the potential single-photon emission computed tomography/photoacoustic imaging-guided and 99m Tc-amplified photothermal therapy of cancer. Owing to the homologous targeting capability of the cancer cell membrane, M-CuS-PEG selectively accumulates in homologous tumor sites. After labeling with 99m Tc, M-CuS-PEG with a high near-infrared light absorbance can realize bimodal imaging-guided photothermal therapy of cancer. Furthermore, the labeled 99m Tc significantly enhances the cell uptake of M-CuS-PEG by inducing G2/M arrest of the cell cycle, further improving the photothermal antitumor effect, which is positively correlated with endocytosis of the photothermal conversion reagent. Therefore, a novel cancer-targeted theranostic nanoplatform is developed and it is revealed that the labeled 99m Tc can not only guide but also amplify the subsequent therapy of cancer, providing a conceptual strategy for cancer theranostics with a high biosafety.

Cancer and its metastasis/recurrence still threaten human health, despite various advanced treatments being employed. It is of great significance to develop simple drug formulations to enhance the efficacy and synergistic integration of various monotherapies. Herein, DMXAA, a vasodestructive agent with cGAS‐STING stimulation capacity, is integrated with polyethylene glycol grafted poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid co‐polymer (PLGA‐PEG), obtaining PLGA‐PEG/DMXAA (PPD) nanoparticles to induce the tumor‐specific vascular destruction for multiple synergistic therapies of cancer. PPD could induce the formation of blood clots in the tumor after intravenous injection, which subsequently mediate photothermal therapy and further promote the release of oxygen for enhanced radiotherapy. Meanwhile, the enhanced vascular injury can induce perfect starvation therapy of tumor. More importantly, PPD‐mediated therapies could trigger potent systemic anti‐tumor immunity via inducing the immunogenic death of tumor cells and activating the cGAS‐STING pathway. Together with anti‐PD‐L1, PPD‐mediated therapies could not only remove the primary tumors, but also effectively eliminate the distant tumors, metastasis, and recurrence. Therefore, the modulation of tumor composition induced by a single drug‐loaded nano‐micelle could be utilized to enhance the therapeutic effect of multiple treatments for synergistic and systemic antitumor response, providing a practical strategy for cancer therapy.