Cooking oil fumes (COFs) are main pollutants in kitchen and indoor air, which threaten human health.Exposure to COFs can cause respiratory diseases and impair pulmonary function. To investigate the toxicity of COFs on human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B) and explore the underlying mechanisms, MTT assay was conducted to detect the viability of Beas-2B. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined with DCFH-DA assay and DAF-FM assay. The expression of genes involved in in ammation were measured with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).The phosphorylation and the expression of proteins related to Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB signaling pathways were measured with western blot. Our results revealed that COFs decreased Beas-2B cells viability, increased the ROS levels and NO levels in cells and induced apoptosis in Beas-2B cells. The results of qRT-PCR and western blot showed that the expression of NLRP3, p65, iNOS, IL-1β, and the factors related to oxidative stress and in ammation increased, NF-κB signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway were activated. This study provided some useful information to alleviate the toxicity of COFs and revealed the possible mechanism for the damage on respiratory system induced by COFs. et al. 2015;Wang et al. 2018).COFs pollution produced by cooking usually includes ketones, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, alcohols, aromatic compounds, esters, heterocycles, and lactones is a serious health risk in china due to the cooking manners (Ding et al. 2020;Lee and Gany 2013). In China alone, the number of people exposed to COFs in 2018 has reached to 240 million and most of whom were middle-aged women . Women exposed to COFs are at higher risk for chronic bronchitis, for pregnant women, such exposure can also affect the fetus and increase the risks of adverse birth outcomes (Hou et al. 2018;Vavalà et al. 2014;Zhu et al. 2019). Studies have shown that exposure to COFs increased the risk of respiratory diseases, such as airway infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis and
“Digital villages construction” and “high-quality economic development” are both key topics to the sustainable development in China. Chinese has attached great importance to agriculture and rural development in recent years, thus exploring the connections between the two topics from a rural perspective is of practical importance. This paper aims to see if there is a connection between digital village construction and high-quality economic development, and how the digital village construction accelerates the high-quality development of the rural economy. After building the index system, this paper evaluates present development level of digitalization and high-quality economy in rural areas by the Entropy Weight TOPSIS method and empirically tests the direct and indirect effect of rural digital construction on the high-quality rural economic development relatively based on the fixed effect model and the mediation effect model. To study deeply, four major regions and five influence paths are analyzed, respectively. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the construction of digital villages and the high-quality development of rural economy. Meanwhile, the entrepreneurial activity of digital industries is a crucial mechanism for digital villages construction to promote the high-quality development of rural economy. This paper innovatively builds relevant index systems and analyzes the transmission mechanism of digitalization to high-quality development from a rural perspective, though it analyzes at the provincial level, which is less specific. Overall, it will be beneficial for economics researchers who study digital economy and rural development and policy makers who give counsel for economic development.
Cooking oil fumes (COFs) are main pollutants in kitchen and indoor air, which threaten human health. Exposure to COFs can cause respiratory diseases and impair pulmonary function. To investigate the toxicity of COFs on human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B) and explore the underlying mechanisms, MTT assay was conducted to detect the viability of Beas-2B. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined with DCFH-DA assay and DAF-FM assay. The expression of genes involved in inflammation were measured with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The phosphorylation and the expression of proteins related to Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB signaling pathways were measured with western blot. Our results revealed that COFs decreased Beas-2B cells viability, increased the ROS levels and NO levels in cells and induced apoptosis in Beas-2B cells. The results of qRT-PCR and western blot showed that the expression of NLRP3, p65, iNOS, IL-1β, and the factors related to oxidative stress and inflammation increased, NF-κB signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway were activated. This study provided some useful information to alleviate the toxicity of COFs and revealed the possible mechanism for the damage on respiratory system induced by COFs.
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