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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed humans to the highest physical and mental risks. Thus, it is becoming a priority to probe the mental health problems experienced during the pandemic in different populations. We performed a meta-analysis to clarify the prevalence of postpandemic mental health problems. Seventy-one published papers (n = 146,139) from China, the United States, Japan, India, and Turkey were eligible to be included in the data pool. These papers reported results for Chinese, Japanese, Italian, American, Turkish, Indian, Spanish, Greek, and Singaporean populations. The results demonstrated a total prevalence of anxiety symptoms of 32.60% (95% confidence interval (CI): 29.10–36.30) during the COVID-19 pandemic. For depression, a prevalence of 27.60% (95% CI: 24.00–31.60) was found. Further, insomnia was found to have a prevalence of 30.30% (95% CI: 24.60–36.60). Of the total study population, 16.70% (95% CI: 8.90–29.20) experienced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subgroup analysis revealed the highest prevalence of anxiety (63.90%) and depression (55.40%) in confirmed and suspected patients compared with other cohorts. Notably, the prevalence of each symptom in other countries was higher than that in China. Finally, the prevalence of each mental problem differed depending on the measurement tools used. In conclusion, this study revealed the prevalence of mental problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by using a fairly large-scale sample and further clarified that the heterogeneous results for these mental health problems may be due to the nonstandardized use of psychometric tools.

energy density, and cost effective. Albertus et al. have advocated for the use of limited lithium (≤30 µm) to ensure early identification of technical challenges associated with stable and dendrite-free cycling and a more rapid transition to commercially relevant designs. [7] And recently, Liu et al. [8] re-emphasized the importance of limited lithium and announced that 50 µm Li anode was required to reach a high energy of 300 Wh kg −1. Therefore, for practical lithium-metal batteries (LMBs), the utilization of thin Li metal anode with thicknesses <30 µm (<6 mAh cm −2) is extremely necessary. [6-10] In other words, the negative to positive electrode capacity ratio (N/P ratio) must be strictly restricted. Limiting the amount of Li metal anode is a great challenge, since it is highly reactive. The continuous reaction of Li metal with electrolyte to generate a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) as well as the uneven Li platting to form dendrite growth and pulverized Li metal, which cause fast consumptions of Li metal and electrolyte, low Coulombic efficiency (CE), and short lifespan of LMBs. To improve cycling stability of Li metal anode in organic liquid electrolyte, various attempts have already been made, including highly concentrated electrolyte, [11] electrolyte additives, [12,13] external pressure, [14,15] Li host, [16,17] and surface coating. [18,19] While most of the above strategies use unlimited Li foil, only a few studies focus on limiting the amount of Li metal for LMBs. [6,9,20,21] For example, Niu et al. reported a self-smoothing Li-carbon anode based on the host of mesoporous carbon nanofibers and a high-energy LMB with a low N/P ratio of ≤2. [6] Archer's group and Cho's group achieved stable operations of LMBs composed of a high-loading cathode and a thin Li anode (20 µm) with Langmuir-Blodgett artificial SEIs. [9] While, compared with liquid electrolyte, some types of solid electrolytes are less reactive with Li metal, which may be good candidates for LMBs with low N/P ratios. [22] Additionally, the safety of LMBs can be greatly improved by replacing flammable liquid electrolyte with solid electrolyte. [23] But, up to now, there are only a few researches about all-solidstate lithium-metal batteries (ASSLMBs) using limited amount of Li metal anode. A recent work reported an ASSLMB with Li 6 PSCl sulfide electrolyte and Ag-C composite anode with no excess Li. [24] Besides, the studies of LiPON-based thin-film batteries with limited Li metal have been reported, which are Metallic lithium (Li), considered as the ultimate anode, is expected to promise high-energy rechargeable batteries. However, owing to the continuous Li consumption during the repeated Li plating/stripping cycling, excess amount of the Li metal anode is commonly utilized in lithium-metal batteries (LMBs), leading to reduced energy density and increased cost. Here, an all-solid-state lithium-metal battery (ASSLMB) based on a garnet-oxide solid electrolyte with an ultralow negative/positive electrode capacity ratio (N/P ratio) is reported...

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Drug-loaded injectable hydrogels have been proven to possess huge potential for applications in tissue engineering. However, increasing the drug loading capacity and regulating the release system to adapt to the microenvironment after myocardial infarction face a huge challenge. In this research, an ROS-sensitive injectable hydrogel strengthened by self-nanodrugs was constructed. A hyperbranched ROS-sensitive macromer (HB-PBAE) with multiacrylate end groups was synthesized through dynamic controlled Michael addition. Meanwhile, a simple protocol based on dopamine polymerization was employed to generate a polydopamine (PDA) layer deposited on the tanshinone IIA (TIIA) nanoparticles (NPs) formed from spontaneous hydrophobic self-assembly. The HB-PBAE reacted with thiolate-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) to form an in situ hydrogel, where TIIA@PDA NPs can be conveniently entrapped through the chemical cross-link between thiolate and quinone groups on PDA, which doubles the modulus of hydrogels. The in vivo degradation behavior of the hydrogels was characterized by MRI, exhibiting a much slower degradation behavior that is markedly different from that of in vitro. Importantly, a significant improvement of cardiac functions was achieved after hydrogel injection in terms of increased ejection fraction and decreased infarction size, accompanied by inhibition of the expression of inflammation factors, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.

This paper proposes a forward attention method for the sequenceto-sequence acoustic modeling of speech synthesis. This method is motivated by the nature of the monotonic alignment from phone sequences to acoustic sequences. Only the alignment paths that satisfy the monotonic condition are taken into consideration at each decoder timestep. The modified attention probabilities at each timestep are computed recursively using a forward algorithm. A transition agent for forward attention is further proposed, which helps the attention mechanism to make decisions whether to move forward or stay at each decoder timestep. Experimental results show that the proposed forward attention method achieves faster convergence speed and higher stability than the baseline attention method. Besides, the method of forward attention with transition agent can also help improve the naturalness of synthetic speech and control the speed of synthetic speech effectively.

The first linear silver supercluster based on icosahedral Ag13 units has been constructed via bridging of dpa ligands: Ag61(dpa)27(SbF6)4 (Hdpa = dipyridylamine) (Ag 61 ). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that this rod-shaped cluster consists of four vertex-sharing Ag13 icosahedra in a linear arrangement. This Ag 61 cluster represents the longest one-dimensional metal nanocluster with a resolved structure. Unprecedented electron coupling develops between their constituent Ag13 units. Theoretical studies disclose that the stabilities of the two superclusters are dictated by a strong interaction between the Ag13 units as well as the ligand effect of the dpa–Ag motifs. The quantum size effect accounts for the significant enhancement of the metal-related absorptions and the red shift at the near-infrared region as the length of the cluster increases. This work sheds light on the evolution of one-dimensional materials and an understanding of the electronic communication between the constituent clusters.