Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be important during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). The lazaroid U83836E, which combines the amino functionalities of the 21‑aminosteroids with the antioxidant ring portion of vitamin E, is a reactive oxygen species scavenger. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of U83836E on MIRI and its mechanisms of action. Rat hearts were subjected to 30 min ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 2 h reperfusion. The results demonstrated that at 5 mg/kg, U83836E markedly protected cardiac function in ischemia/reperfusion rat models, decreased the malondialdehyde content and creatinine kinase activity, while increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. Additionally, U83836E significantly decreased the histological damage to the myocardium, reduced the area of myocardial infarction in the left ventricle and modified the mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, U83836E enhanced the translocation of protein kinase Cε (PKCε) from the cytoplasm to the membrane. However, the cardioprotective effects of U83836E were reduced in the presence of the PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine (1 mg/kg). Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that U83836E has a potent protective effect against MIRI in rat models through the direct anti‑oxidative stress mechanisms and the activation of PKC signaling.
Soy protein isolate (SPI) is green, high−yield natural plant protein, which is widely applied in industry (packing material and adhesives) and tissue engineering. It is meaningful to improve the antibacterial property of soy protein isolate to fabricate versatile safe products to meet people’s requirements. In this study, quaternized soy protein isolate (QSPI) was synthesized by the reaction between 2,3−epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (EPTMAC) and SPI. The positive charged (17.8 ± 0.23 mV) quaternary ammonium groups endow the QSPI with superior antibacterial properties against multiple bacteria in vitro and in vivo. Notably, QSPI maintains its good biocompatibility and promotes bacterial−infected wound healing in rat models. Furthermore, QSPI possesses superior water solubility in a broad pH range than raw SPI. Altogether, this soy protein isolate derivative with antibacterial property and superior water solubility may extend the application of SPI in industry and tissue engineering.
Ultrasonic-vibration-assisted grinding (UVAG), a hybrid machining process combining material removal mechanisms of diamond grinding and ultrasonic machining, has been used to machine various hard-to-machine materials. Large amount of research work on UVAG has been carried out since it is invented. However there are few review papers to cover the current literature on UVAG. The emphasis of this literature review is the experimental investigations of the drilling process with ultrasonic vibration using a core drill with metal-bonded diamond abrasives. Experimental results are summarised and compared. The inconsistent results and their reasons are discussed. Furthermore, directions of future research on UVAG are also presented.
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