Zr-based amorphous alloy is a new type of metastable energetic material, which has been exploringly used to design shaped charge (SC) liners by scholars of the military industry. In order to know well how the stand-off distance influences jet penetration performance of liners made by such energetic materials against metal targets, SC static explosion tests were conducted under the same initiation and target conditions but different stand-off distances compared with copper liners. Test results indicate that the jet depth of penetration (DOP) of Zr-based amorphous alloy liners firstly increases slowly and then decreases sharply as the stand-off becomes larger. The optimum stand-off distance is 3.5 times of charge diameter (CD) and the corresponding maximum DOP is about 2.68 CD against the 45# steel plate. The perforation area varies with the stand-off distance. It reaches the maximum when the stand-off is 3.5 CD and the corresponding perforation diameter is about 42mm, also the penetration hole is nearly circular. The jet DOP of Zr-based amorphous alloy liner is smaller than that of copper liner’s while the perforation area is the opposite. The former DOP is about 55.7% of the latter and the former perforation area is about 2.8 times of latter when the stand-off distance is 3.5 CD.
Zr-based amorphous alloy is a new energetic material that has been closely monitored and extensively studied for the design of highly effective shaped charge warheads in recent years. In order to accurately determine the motion parameters of shaped charge jets during the detonation-driven formation process of Zr-based amorphous alloy liners, we prepared conical ZrCuNiAlAg liners by vacuum die casting and supercooled liquid high-rheological-rate formation processes. Based on jet-formation numerical simulation, pulsed X-ray imaging and copper foil target velocity measuring tests were conducted to identify the variation trend of the jet velocity of Zr-based amorphous alloy liners with time. The jet velocities at typical moments in the free flight stage were verified. The research results showed that Zr-based amorphous alloy liners could produce solid jets, whose velocity was in gradient descent from the head to the tail, and that the jet’s head velocity peaked at 12 μs and then slowly decreased with time. The average velocities measured by the X-ray imaging and copper foil target tests were 6913 m/s and 7177 m/s, respectively, and both of them were in good agreement with the simulation results, verifying the accuracy of the numerical simulation model for jet formation. The formation processes of shaped charge liners were found to affect the mechanical properties of the material and thus, the jet’s formation process and motion parameters. The Zr-based amorphous alloy liner formed by the supercooled liquid-phase high-rheological-rate formation process exhibited a jet velocity 6.5% higher than that formed by the vacuum die casting process.
The structure and material of the liner are the key factors that affect the forming and penetration ability of the jet. In order to study the influence of new energetic materials and typical liner shapes on jet forming and penetration behavior, this paper takes ZrCuNiAlAg amorphous alloy as the liner material and establishes four shaped charge (SC) models with conical, sub-hemispherical, eccentric sub-hemispherical and hypercumulative liners respectively. The jet forming law and its penetration process against the concrete target plates under different liner shapes are studied based on the AUTODYN numerical simulation software. The results show that a stable jet can be formed from ZrCuNiAlAg amorphous alloy liner under the Mohaupt effect, but the jets produced by liners with different structures differs quite a lot. Under the same conditions including charge diameter, charge length diameter ratio and wall thickness, the tip velocity, the tip-tail velocity difference and the length of the jet formed by conical and hypercumulative liners are significantly higher than those of sub-hemispherical and eccentric sub-hemispherical liners. The jet length of the hypercumulative liner is the longest while that of the eccentric sub-hemispherical liner is the shortest. The hypercumulative jet can penetrate a concrete target plate with 400mm thickness at 250μs, and the jets formed by conical, sub-hemispherical and eccentric sub-hemispherical liners basically stops the penetration ability at 300μs. In terms of penetration depth, the hypercumulative liner is the largest and the sub-hemispherical liner is the smallest. The sub-hemispherical liner gets the largest perforation aperture. The eccentric sub-hemispherical liner gets the best comprehensive effect of penetration and expansion against the concrete target. The results of this paper can be used for reference in the structural design of the amorphous alloy liner.
Structure and material are the two key factors affecting the jet forming of the liner. To investigate the influence of new structure and new materials on the jet forming of the liner, a shaped charge model with eccentric sub-hemisphere structure based on ZrCuNiAlAg amorphous energetic alloy was proposed. The jet forming law of eccentric sub-hemispherical liner is studied by fixing other parameters and changing the structure parameters of liner in turn by means of AUTODYN numerical simulation software. The simulation results show that the eccentric sub-hemispherical liner of ZrCuNiAlAg amorphous alloy can form a shaped jet very well by using gathering energy effect. The speed of the shaped jet decreases gradually with time, and the shape of the jet changes from short and thick to long and thin. The curvature radius, eccentricity and wall thickness have a significant effect on the jet forming performance of ZrCuNiAlAg amorphous alloy. As the curvature radius or wall thickness increase, the tip velocity and the length diameter ratio (LDR) of the jet will decrease gradually, while with the increase of the eccentricity of the liner, the jet tip velocity and the LDR will increase gradually. The analysis of simulation data shows that the change of eccentricity has the greatest influence on the jet LDR. When the eccentricity increases from 25 mm to 39 mm, the jet LDR increases by 74% at 60μs. The wall thickness has the greatest influence on the tip velocity of the jet. When the wall thickness increases from 1.4 mm to 3.8 mm, the tip velocity of the jet at 60μs decreases by 29.77%. The results of this paper can be used for scientific reference in the structural design of this kind of liner.
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