Iris-fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens after phaco-emulsification presented a safe, simple and efficient approach for managing subluxated lens in Marfan syndrome.
Purpose To compare long-term clinical outcomes between patients with bilateral implantation of +3.0 diopter (D) multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and mix and match implantation of +2.5 D and +3.0 D multifocal IOLs. Material and Methods This retrospective observer-masked cohort study comprised 66 eyes of 33 patients with two different strategies of binocular multifocal IOLs implantation: bilateral +3.0 D (17 patients) (bilateral group) and mix and match +2.5 D and +3.0 D (16 patients) (blended group). Patients were recruited 1 year (±3 months) after second-eye surgery. The primary effectiveness endpoint was binocular uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UCIVA) at 70 cm. The secondary assessments included binocular visual quality tests and quality-of-vision questionnaire. Results The blended group showed clinically better UCIVA (0.10 ± 0.07 logMAR) at 70 cm than the bilateral group (0.26 ± 0.09 logMAR) with a difference of 0.16 ± 0.08 logMAR (P < 0.001). Similar binocular visual acuities were achieved between the two groups at the near and far distance. The binocular defocus curves showed better performance in the blended group from 50 cm to 1 m. The mean binocular contrast sensitivities under the photopic conditions with or without glare and mesopic condition without glare were clinically better in the blended group. Both the groups reported low rate of visual phenomena, high rate of spectacle independence, and satisfaction. Conclusions Comparing with bilateral implantation of +3.0 D multifocal IOLs during the cataract surgery, mix and match implantation of +2.5 D and +3.0 D multifocal IOLs provides a wider depth of binocular focus, especially for intermediate distances, and better binocular visual quality.
Although the combination of Toric and multifocal IOL implantation results in compromising stereoacuity, it can still provide patients with high levels of spectacle freedom and good overall binocular visual acuity.
The Gejiu alkaline complex (GAC) within the western part of the Youjiang Basin provides a window to investigate the evolution in the junction of Cathaysia, Yangtze and Indochina blocks. Here, we investigate the GAC in terms of their petrology, zircon U–Pb geochronology, whole‐rock geochemistry, and Sr–Nd isotopic data to gain insights into the origin and evolution of the alkaline magma. The GAC is lithologically composed of alkali syenites and feldspathoid syenites, in which some were altered into sericite syenites. Zircon U–Pb dating of the alkali syenites yielded an age of 85.03 ± 0.47 Ma, which is slightly older than the feldspathoid syenites. The alkali syenites and feldspathoid syenites are silica‐saturated and silica‐undersaturated, respectively, and are characterized by high alkalinity with K2O + Na2O of 11.55–17.08 wt% and Al2O3 of 18.57–22.49 wt%, low MgO of 0.11–1.39 wt%, weakly negative Eu anomalies, enrichments of LILEs such as Th and U, HFSEs like Zr and Hf but depletion of Ba, Sr, Nb, Ta, P, Ti, strongly fractionated LREEs to HREEs. Their uniform Sr–Nd isotope composition with initial 87Sr/86Sr = 0.708802–0.710571 and εNd(t) = −7.1 to −6.6 indicates that they were products of a homologous magma. They crystallized at c. 810–956°C and have a relatively high magmatic oxygen fugacity. Our geochemical and isotopic data proved that the GAC magma was derived from the low‐degree partial melting (<10%) of a phlogopite‐bearing‐enriched mantle that was metasomatized by subducting sediments and originated possibly from the spinel and garnet transition zone at a depth of 60–80 km and a pressure of about 1.8–2.4 Gpa. The primary magma experienced protracted two‐stage crystal fractionation of clinopyroxene+amphibole and biotite+K‐feldspar, forming alkali syenites and feldspathoid syenites. Crustal contamination plays a negligible role in their formation. Considering previous tectonic studies, it was therefore proposed that the GAC formed in an extensional tectonic setting related to the Neo‐Tethyan tectonic regions during the Late Cretaceous.
AIM: To assess the changes in the peripapillary vasculature and macular thickness after cataract surgery using two phacoemulsification systems with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
METHODS: Fifty-two eyes of 52 patients with age-related cataract were randomized into two groups for phacoemulsification: Infiniti group (26 patients) using the Infiniti phacoemulsification system with gravity-fluidics and Centurion group (26 patients) using the Centurion phacoemulsification system with active-fluidics. The peripapillary vessel density (PVD) and macular thickness were examined using OCTA at baseline and at 1d, 1 and 3mo after cataract surgery.
RESULTS: In the Infiniti group, the PVD was significantly reduced at 1d after the cataract surgery (P<0.001). However, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness showed no significant change during the follow-up. Change in PVD 1d postoperatively was significantly negatively correlated to the cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), estimated fluid usage (EFU), effective phacoemulsification time (EPT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and total operating time (TOT; P<0.05). The macular thickness was significantly increased in all regions after the cataract surgery (P<0.05). However, no significant changes were found in the macular vessel density (VD) during the follow-up (P>0.05). In the Centurion group, the VD and thickness in the optic papilla and macula did not significantly change in all regions during the follow-up (all P>0.05). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly improved in both groups postoperatively (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Using the Infiniti phacoemulsification system, OCTA provides a promising analysis of retinal vascular alterations, demonstrating a reduction of the PVD and an increase in the macular thickness. The Centurion phacoemulsification system can provide better retinal vasculature preservation during cataract surgery.
In order to depict the complex price volatility of carbon emission permits under the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) accurately, we use the multifractal analysis based on wavelet leaders to extract the useful information from the carbon price series in this paper. Firstly, we test the multifractal property of the EU carbon market, and the empirical results show that the three phases of the EU ETS have shown significant multifractal characteristics. Compared with the other two phases, the multifractal characteristics of phase three are the strongest and the prices are the most uneven. Then, based on the width of the multifractal spectrum and the variances of the Hausdorff dimension, we innovatively propose an indicator VhS which has been proved to be effective in depicting the price volatility of the European carbon market. This paper provides a new train of thought for the risk identification and management in the multifractal market.
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