Patched (Ptc) and Patched-related (Ptr) proteins containing sterol-sensing domains (SSD) and Patched domains are highly conserved in eukaryotes for lipid transport and metabolism. Four proteins containing predicted SSD and Patched domains were simultaneously found by searching the Phytophthora sojae genome database, and one of them was identified as a Patched-like (PTL) protein. Here, we investigated the biological function of PsPTL. The expression level of PsPTL was higher during mycelial and sporulation stages, compared to zoospore (ZO), cyst, and germinated-cyst stages, without significant change during infection. However, deletion of PsPTL using CRISPR/Cas9 had no significant effect on the growth, development, or virulence of P. sojae. Further investigations showed that PsPTL is not essential for P. sojae to cope with external stresses such as temperature, pH, oxidative and osmotic pressure. In addition, this gene did not appear to play an essential role in P. sojae’s response to exogenous sterols. The transcript levels of the other three proteins containing predicted SSD and Patched domains were also not significantly upregulated in PsPTL deletion transformants. Our studies demonstrated that PsPTL is not an essential protein for P. sojae under the tested conditions, and more in-depth research is required for revealing the potential functions of PsPTL under special conditions or in other signaling pathways.
Fusarium fujikuroi is
one of the dominant phytopathogenic fungi causing rice bakanae disease
worldwide. Cyclobutrifluram is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor
(SDHI), which shows strong inhibitory activity against F. fujikuroi. The baseline sensitivity of 112 F. fujikuroi to cyclobutrifluram was determinated
with a mean EC50 value of 0.025 μg/mL. A total of
17 resistant mutants were obtained by fungicide adaptation and displayed
equal or slightly weaker fitness than parental isolates, which suggests
that the resistance risk of F. fujikuroi to cyclobutrifluram is medium. A positive cross-resistance was detected
between cyclobutrifluram and fluopyram. The amino acid substitutions
H248L/Y of FfSdhB and G80R or A83V of FfSdhC2 conferred
cyclobutrifluram resistance in F. fujikuroi, which was validated by molecular docking and protoplast transformation.
The results indicate that the affinity between cyclobutrifluram and
FfSdhs obviously decreased after point mutations, causing the resistance
of F. fujikuroi.
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