We report the zircon Hf-O isotopic data for mafic enclaves from the Taihang Yanshanian intermediate to felsic plutons, and use them, along with the petrological, whole-rock chemical and Nd-Sr isotopic data, to reveal the petrogenesis of mafic enclaves. Mafic enclaves show magmatic textures and are finer-grained than host rocks. In places they are highly elongated due to stretching within the partially crystallized, convective felsic magma, but show no solid-state deformation. These data suggest that mafic enclaves and host rocks were co-existing, but compositionally distinct magmas. The mafic enclaves contain abundant hydrous minerals such as hornblende and biotite, with pyroxene relict being surrounded by hornblende reaction rim. Plagioclase xenocrysts from mafic enclaves show a complicated compositional and textural disequilibrium. Comparison between mafic enclaves and the immediate host rocks suggests that the two rock units are compositionally correlated. The ε Nd values of mafic enclaves are generally higher than the host rocks, though the Sr isotopic ratios of the two rock units are indistinguishable. Zircons from a single enclave sample show a significant variation in Hf isotopic compositions, with ε Hf = −10-−22, suggesting an origin through magma mixing between mafic and felsic magmas. This is supported by the relatively large variation of zircon O isotopic ratios (δ 18 O = 5.5‰-7.8‰) of the mafic enclaves. The petrogenesis of mafic enclaves could be described as below. Evolved basaltic magma (via fractionation of olivine and pyroxene) first mixed with crustally derived granitic melts in depths, forming a hybrid magma; then the hybrid magma broke up into discrete lumps upon entering the above felsic magma. Subsequently, the enclave-forming magma experienced a double mechanical transfer of plagioclase, and inward chemical transfer of fluid and Na, P, Y, Nb and Pb at the contacts with host felsic magmas. mafic enclaves, compositional zoning, Nd-Sr isotopes, zircon Hf-O isotopes, magma mixingThe petrogenesis of mafic enclaves has been an issue of controversy for long. Models for the origin of mafic enclaves include: (1) mafic enclaves are formed as cognate fragments of cumulate minerals from a mafic magma [1,2] , (2) mafic enclaves represent recrystallized, refractory and residual phase assemblage derived from a granite source [2,3] , and (3) mafic enclaves are formed through hybridization between mafic and felsic magmas [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] .More and more studies suggest that most enclaves are formed by magma mixing between mantle-and crustle-derived melts. However, the mechanisms of magma
