BackgroundHIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is considered an effective prevention method of HIV infection. In order to understand the VCT environment and enhance the effective delivery of VCT services in a country, an accurate assessment of the current status of VCT services is very important.MethodsFrom July 2006 to June 2007, we conducted a cross-sectional survey using a face to face interview among 2676 VCT clients from a high risk area in Shenyang city, China.ResultsThe major demographic characteristics among 2,676 VCT clients were: 41.1% were in the age range 20 to 30 years; 73.1% were males; and 67.1% had attained the level of junior high school education. The primary information source for VCT services was mass media like television (TV) and newspaper in 88.9%. 34.3% were afraid of the result of infection which was the main barrier to accept VCT services among 540 participants answering the question. 75.2% were motivated by recently acquired knowledge about HIV. 47.9% had 3 or more male sex partners, 62.3% had used condoms sometimes, and 14.5% had been infected with a STD. 2.8% of the participants identified themselves as men who have sex with men (MSM). The main demographic characteristics of MSM did not differ from the total group of participants except with respect to age: 63.5% reported having one male sex partner in the preceding 12 months, 44.6% reported never using condoms in the preceding 12 months, and only 2.7% reported a history of sexually transmitted disease.ConclusionPublic education offered by health workers in hospitals, private clinics and other medical institutions needs to be strengthened. Given the results from this study, we recommend: (1) making VCT a routine part of health services, especially in areas where many high-risk individuals live; (2) improving the information sources and increasing the understanding of HIV and HIV-infected individuals; (3) enhancing international collaboration in strategic planning, technical assistance, and protocols to translate policy into effective action; (4) supporting Chinese non-government organizations (NGOs) in playing a significant role in the battle against AIDS.
Reference to traditional optimization methods, neural network based on improved genetic algorithm is used in optimization of reversed phase chromatography pluralistic isocratic mobile phase separation conditions. With detailing the combination of the improved genetic algorithm and neural network theory, the optimization process for the liquid chromatography conditions is introduced in details. Used this method to small peptide RP chromatography optimization, after searching operation, the establishment of an effective separation of forecast model receives satisfactory predictive value, which can prove that this method can be used in optimization of drug liquid chromatography conditions.
Extraction analysis of Chinese medicine effective component is always the key technique in the production of Chinese traditional medicine. The paper introduces the conventional test method and particle swarm optimization based on genetic algorithms, which optimize ultrasonic conditions of extracting Chinese medicine effective component respectively. Experiment results show that the proposed approach in this paper is of high extraction rate, strong reliability, easy operation and can save a lot of manpower and material resources compared with traditional experiment way. So it makes clear that the presented method is of feasibility and effectiveness.
The rational allocation of tolerances is the key to reduce production costs and guarantee the performance. In this paper, in the premise of ensuring the performance, manufacturing cost minimization of assembly parts is set as objective function, and an adaptive genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the design of tolerance allocation. The adaptive mechanism is introduced mainly for crossover operator and mutation operator to overcome the traditional adaptive genetic algorithm’s easy "premature" shortcomings according to individual fitness of population. And a penalty function is used to handle constraints of assembly dimension chain. Finally, using the algorithm to optimize assembly chain tolerances of a gear reducer shaft, the effectiveness of the adaptive genetic algorithm to optimize tolerance allocation has been verified.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.