Energetic particle precipitation (EPP) has significant impacts on ozone depletion in the polar middle atmosphere during geomagnetic activity. It is well known that solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays an important role in ozone generation. Therefore, it is interesting to compare the contributions of EPP and solar UV to ozone changes in the polar upper atmosphere. In this article, we use the annual average index to denote the annual-mean magnitude of the geomagnetic activity, which is closely correlated with the EPP flux, and the annual average 10.7 index to denote the annual-mean magnitude of the solar radiation, which is somewhat related to the solar UV. We adopt the 5 ∘ zonal annual-mean ozone profile dataset to study the statistical characters between the ozone dataset and the , 10.7 indices. Multiple regression analysis shows that the contributions of geomagnetic activity are not negligible and are of a similar order of magnitude as the solar UV radiation in the polar upper atmosphere (above 10 hPa). The results also show that high-speed solar-wind-stream-induced and coronal-mass-ejection-driven geomagnetic activity is of the same order of magnitude. There are interhemispheric differences according to our multiple regression analysis. We discuss the possible causes of these differences.

As an important part of the inner magnetosphere, the Earth's plasmasphere plays a very important role in the link of the occurrence and development of each space weather process. The Earth's plasmasphere is a torus-shaped cold (<10 eV) and dense (10 − 10 4 cm −3 ) plasma region of ionospheric origin corotating with the Earth (Lemaire and Gringauz, 1998). The plasmasphere contains several populations of particles such as electron, H + , He + , and O + ions (Sandel, 2011). The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is defined by a sharp gradient of density called the plasmapause, in which the density decreases by 1-2 orders of magnitude within 0.5 R E (the Earth radius) (Angerami & Carpenter, 1966;Carpenter & Anderson, 1992). It is also found that large scale plasmaspheric features including shoulders, plumes, notches, bulges and refiling, etc (