Cancer has become a prominent disease that seriously endangers human health. The complexity of the biological characteristics of the tumor makes it challenging for traditional therapeutic drugs to penetrate tumor tissues and exert their antitumor effects. Internalizing RGD peptide (iRGD) is a novel tumor‐homing peptide that binds to αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins on the surface of tumor vessels through the C‐end rule (CendR) motif. The CendR motif binds to the neuropilin‐1 (NRP‐1) receptor on tumor cells, initiating NRP‐1‐mediated transcytosis to facilitate drug entry into the tumor tissue. Multiple studies demonstrated that iRGD improved the penetration and targeting of antitumor drugs, thereby enhancing their antitumor efficacy. In this review, we initially described the origins of iRGD and its penetration mechanism. Furthermore, we presented updates on the application of iRGD in cancer chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, treatment with antibodies or protein‐based biologics, and tumor imaging.
The equalizers available are difficult to give consideration to both high balance efficiency and fast balance speed, and their performances are unstable as the number of the series‐connected batteries increases, so they are unsuitable for a large‐scale battery system. A multi‐objective parallel layered equalizer based on battery working states for the large‐scale lithium‐ion battery system is presented. The equalizer has two types of balance objects and two corresponding layers, and the first layer and the second layer take the single battery and the battery unit as the balance object, respectively. The multi‐objective parallel layered balance means that multiple balance objects are selected as the balance objectives simultaneously at each layer. The balance speed is fast due to the multi‐objective parallel balance. The balance efficiency is high due to the short energy path and the complementary pulse width modulation (PWM) control in the first layer, and the double voltage value of the balance object in the second layer. Moreover, the performance of the equalizer is stable, even when the number of series‐connected batteries is large. In short, the proposed equalizer features high efficiency, fast speed, and strong scalability. Further, the experimental platform for a battery system with twelve series‐connected lithium‐ion phosphate batteries is built, and then the balance experiments have been completed. Finally, the effectiveness of the equalizer is verified by the corresponding experimental results.
Variations in generator parameters that occur during the operation of a doubly-fed induction wind turbine (DFIG) constitute a significant factor in the degradation of control performance. To address the problem of difficulty in identifying multiple parameters simultaneously in DFIG, a parameter identification method depending on the adaptive grey wolf algorithm with an information-sharing search strategy (ISIAGWO) is proposed to solve the problem of low accuracy and slow identification speed of multiple parameters in DFIG. The easily obtainable generator outlet current was selected as the observed quantity, and the trajectory sensitivity analysis was performed on the five electrical parameters of the DFIG to derive its discriminability. Finally, the parameter recognition of the DFIG was carried out using the ISIAGWO algorithm in the MATLAB/Simulink simulation software, applying the proposed calculation functions. The experimental results show that the ISIAGWO algorithm has better identification accuracy, stability, and convergence for DFIG’s generator parameter identification.
Due to the existence of hydraulic coupling in the single penstock multi-machine system, the stability time of the unit is prolonged when power disturbance occurs, which is not conducive to the stability of the power system. Based on the synergy theory, this paper builds a nonlinear model of a hydro generator unit with the single penstock two-machine system, adds the synergy factors of the governing system and the excitation system, describes the characteristics of the controlled system, and derives the control law. A simulation system is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Load disturbance and three-phase short-circuit fault are set up to compare the dynamic response effects of the PID controller with optimized parameters and the synergetic controller. The results show that the proposed control method has a better control effect in the single penstock two-machine system and can better reduce the influence of the common pipe due to hydraulic coupling, shorten the stabilization time, and ensure the stability of the system. In addition, the values of regulation and synergetic control parameters are analyzed separately to provide a reference for achieving better control.
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