Developing advanced filtration membrane with high flux, good solute rejection and excellent antifouling performance is highly demanded. Hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets are attractive fillers for the preparation of composite membranes for water purification. However, strategies that can fully exploit the advantages and remedy the drawbacks of GO nanosheets are still needed. In this work, UiO-66 was specifically anchored to the GO layers as a porous modifier. The incorporated UiO-66 can effectively prevent the GO layers from stacking and introduce unique properties into the composite (UiO-66@GO). A series of novel composite membranes were prepared with the obtained UiO-66@GO composite and polyethersulfone (PES). As a result, the prepared composite membranes

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Gas permeability and selectivity for CO2/N2 separation were improved simultaneously in mixed-matrix membranes formed by a nanoporous metal–organic framework with a task-specific ionic liquid in PIM-1.

A GO-assisted layer-by-layer restacking method was proposed to prepare ultrathin membranes of CTF-1 nanosheets with a high H2/CO2 separation performance.

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As a multifunctional material, biochar is considered a potential adsorbent for removing heavy metals from wastewater. Most biochars with high adsorption capacities have been modified, but this modification is uneconomical, and modifying biochar may cause secondary pollution. Thus, it is necessary to develop an efficient biochar without modification. In this study, spent P. ostreatus substrate and spent shiitake substrate were used as the raw materials to prepare biochar. Then, the physicochemical properties of the biochars and their removal efficiencies for Pb(II) were investigated. The results showed that the physicochemical properties (e.g., large BET surface area, small pore structure and abundant functional groups) contributed to the large adsorption capacity for Pb(II); the maximum adsorption capacities were 326 mg g−1 (spent P. ostreatus substrate-derived biochar) and 398 mg g−1 (spent shiitake substrate-derived biochar), which are 1.6–10 times larger than those of other modified biochars. The Pb(II) adsorption data could be well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model. This study provides a new method to comprehensively utilize spent mushroom substrates for the sustainable development of the edible mushroom industry.

To enhance dispersion and adhesion, functionalized porous metal-organic polyhedrons were incorporated into polysulfone as a filler to obtain mixed-matrix membranes, which exhibit largely improved gas permeability and separation factor simultaneously for CO2-CH4 separation.