Prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) is increasing worldwide. Up to date, there has been no face-to-face nation-wide study in China. We aim to explore the prevalence of clinical diagnosed AD in children aged 1–7 ys in China. Twelve metropolises were chosen from different areas of China. In each region, we selected 4–10 kindergartens and 2–5 vaccination clinics randomly. A complete history-taking and skin examination were performed by dermatologists. The definite diagnosis of AD and the severity were determined by two or three dermatologists. All criteria concerned in UK diagnosis criteria, characteristic presentation of AD and atypical manifestations were recorded in detail. A total of 13998 children from 84 kindergartens and 40 vaccination clinics were included. The prevalence of AD was 12.94% by clinical diagnosis of dermatologists overall, with 74.6% of mild AD. Comparatively, prevalence of AD based on UK diagnostic criteria was 4.76%. This is the first face-to-face nation-wide study in Chinese children aged 1–7 ys, revealing that the prevalence of AD in children is closer to that of wealthier nations.

Vinylidene-acetylene isomerization is the prototypical example of a 1,2-hydrogen shift, one of the most important classes of isomerization reactions in organic chemistry. This reaction was investigated with quantum state specificity by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy of the vinylidene anions HCC- and DCC- and quantum dynamics calculations. Peaks in the photoelectron spectra are considerably narrower than in previous work and reveal subtleties in the isomerization dynamics of neutral vinylidene, as well as vibronic coupling with an excited state of vinylidene. Comparison with theory permits assignment of most spectral features to eigenstates dominated by vinylidene character. However, excitation of the ν in-plane rocking mode in HCC results in appreciable tunneling-facilitated mixing with highly vibrationally excited states of acetylene, leading to broadening and/or spectral fine structure that is largely suppressed for analogous vibrational levels of DCC.

BackgroundInfant nerve injury causes delayed adolescent neuropathic pain, but whether it also leads to psychiatric illness is unknown. Environmental enrichment (EE) increases social communication and activity. Thus, our goal was to test anxiety- and depression-like behaviors after infant peripheral nerve injury and evaluate the effect of environmental enrichment on these models of affective disorders.MethodsOpen field, elevated plus maze, sucrose preference, and pain behaviors (paw withdrawal threshold, spontaneous guarding score, and cold response to acetone) were measured in rats that received infant spared nerve injury (SNI). Enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay of cytokines was performed to evaluate the inflammatory response in the brain. Then, the ability of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of a microglia inhibitor, minocycline (MIN), and EE (a free-running wheel, a staircase, a plastic tunnel, a raised platform, and various colored balls) to reverse the infant SNI effects on behaviors and cytokines was examined.ResultsInfant nerve injury resulted in adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. The medial prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, and ventral hippocampus were skewed to a pro-inflammatory profile. ICV injection of MIN reduced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors without affecting pain behaviors. In addition, ICV MIN skewed the brain towards an anti-inflammatory profile. Finally, environmental enrichment improved anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, as well as pain behaviors. EE increased brain IL-10 and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α.ConclusionsInfant nerve injury induces adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and central nervous inflammation. Environmental enrichment reduces these behaviors by normalizing the inflammation balance in the brain.

Objectives:To study the demographic and clinical features of infantile hemangioma in China; to learn in more detail the risk factors for developing this disease; and to identify clinical characteristics associated with complications, associated risks, and the need for systemic treatment.Design: A case-control study of 1832 prospectively enrolled children with hemangiomas and 1832 controls matched for age, sex, region, and hospital attending the dermatology department between 2005 and 2008.Setting: Two large hospitals in central south China.Patients: A total of 1832 children with hemangiomas. Main Outcome Measures:Demographic and clinical presentations were summarized and compared with data from previous studies of hemangiomas. Predictive clinical factors for complications and/or treatment and potential risk factors for infantile hemangioma were analyzed by logistic regression. Results:The clinical features of our study patients were different from those of other race/ethnicity groups reported by previous studies with regard to the morphologic subtypes, complications, and predictors for complications and/ or oral corticosteroid treatment. After adjustment, significant risk factors for hemangiomas included lower level of maternal education (odds ratio [OR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57-0.66), mother engaged in manual labor (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12-1.48), multiple gestation (OR, 1.20; 95% CI,1.05-1.36), maternal medication use during the periconceptional period (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.88-2.31), and a positive family history of hemangiomas (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.40-1.72). Conclusion:Besides yielding several new findings with respect to risk factors for hemangiomas, the current study also suggests that the Chinese clinical features of hemangiomas are somewhat different epidemiologically from those in the West.