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The contribution of epigenetic mechanisms as a potential treatment model has been observed in cancer and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. This review aims to put forward the epigenetic mechanisms as a promising strategy in implant surface functionalization and modification of biomaterials, to promote better osseointegration and bone regeneration, and could be applicable for alveolar bone regeneration and osseointegration in the future. Materials and Methods: Electronic and manual searches of the literature in PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were conducted, using a specific search strategy limited to publications in the last 5 years to identify preclinical studies in order to address the following focused questions: (i) Which, if any, are the epigenetic mechanisms used to functionalize implant surfaces to achieve better osseointegration? (ii) Which, if any, are the epigenetic mechanisms used to functionalize biomaterials to achieve better bone regeneration? Results: Findings from several studies have emphasized the role of miRNAs in functionalizing implants surfaces and biomaterials to promote osseointegration and bone regeneration, respectively. However, there are scarce data on the role of DNA methylation and histone modifications for these specific applications, despite being commonly applied in cancer research. Conclusions: Studies over the past few years have demonstrated that biomaterials are immunomodulatory rather than inert materials. In this context, epigenetics can act as next generation of advanced treatment tools for future regenerative techniques. Yet, there is a need to evaluate the efficacy/cost effectiveness of these techniques in comparison to current standards of care.

This paper proposes an isolated hybrid system consisting of a solar photovoltaic (SPV) panel along with a diesel engine driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and a battery energy storage system (BESS) feeding three-phase four wire loads. The deployment of this microgrid system is to maximize utilization of renewable resources for energy security and improved power quality. The incremental conductance (InC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is applied for extracting the maximum power of the SPV panel. The controller makes use of the enhanced phase locked loop (EPLL) technique and is shown to provide for load balancing, reactive power compensation and harmonics compensation capabilities under different loading conditions. A four-leg voltage source converter (VSC) with BESS further provides neutral current compensation apart from coordinating power flow within the autonomous system. Performance of the controller has been analyzed by modeling the system in MATLAB/SIMULINK using sim-power system (SPS) block-set.

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