Effective
control of monomer diffusion and reaction rate is the
key to achieving a controlled interfacial polymerization (IP) and
a high-performance nanofiltration (NF) membrane. Herein, an integration
of multirole regulations was synchronously realized using poly(acrylic
acid) (PAA) as an active additive in a piperazine (PIP) aqueous phase.
Thanks to synergistic interactions, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic
interaction, and covalent bonding between PAA and PIP molecules, together
with the increased viscosity of the solution, PIP diffusion was rationally
controlled. Moreover, interfacial polycondensation was also restrained
via the modestly reduced pH of the aqueous solution. These contribute
to the formation of a thinner, looser, more hydrophilic, and higher
negatively charged PAA-decorated polyamide selective layer with a
unique nanostrand–nodule morphology. The harvested NF-PAA/PIP
membrane showed an ∼70% rise in water permeability (up to 23.5
L·m–2·h–1·bar–1) while retaining high Na2SO4 and dye rejections. Furthermore, the optimized NF-PAA/PIP membrane
presented a superior fouling resistance capability for typical pollutants,
as well as long-term stability during successive filtration. Thus,
this work offers a straightforward and impactful approach to regulating
IP and promoting NF membrane properties.
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