During the eight-year period, dermatological ED patients increased at a steeper rate than total ED patients. However, the non-urgent dermatologic ED patients have increased with respect to admission rate, death rate, length of stay and visiting-admitting discordance. Health policy makers could utilize these basic data to amend the current health delivery system to reduce unnecessary expenditure of medical resources.
BackgroundThe efficacy of the long-pulsed diode laser (LPDL) in hair removal is determined with various physical parameters. Recently, LPDLs with a larger spot size are commercially available; however, the independent effect of spot size on hair removal has not been studied.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of the LPDL in hair removal depending on the spot size.MethodsA randomized, evaluators-blind, intrapatient comparison (left vs. right) trial was designed. Ten healthy Korean women received three hair removal treatment sessions on both armpits with the 805-nm LPDL and followed for 3 months. A 10×10 mm handpiece (D1) or a 10×30 mm handpiece (D3) was randomly assigned to the right or left axilla. The fluence, pulse duration, and epidermal cooling temperature were identical for both armpits. Hair clearance was quantified with high-resolution photos taken at each visit. Postprocedural pain was quantified on a visual analogue scale. Adverse events were evaluated by physical examination and the patients' self-report.ResultsThe mean hair clearance at 3 months after three treatment sessions was 38.7% and 50.1% on the armpits treated with D1 and D3, respectively (p=0.028). Procedural pain was significantly greater in the side treated with D3 (p=0.009). Serious adverse events were not observed.ConclusionGiven that the pulse duration, fluence, and epidermal cooling were identical, the 805-nm LPDL at the three times larger spot size showed an efficacy improvement of 29.5% in axillary hair removal without serious adverse events.
this was indeed the case as si-Mitf singly transfected cells, or cells doubly transfected with si-Mitf and a control siRNA, filled in a wounded area more readily than si-Mitf/si-Mcam doubly transfected cells. These results, confirmed in corresponding transwell assays (Fig. 2c,d), suggest that MITF and MCAM are linked in a direct linear pathway to affect cell migratory behaviours. ConclusionsHere, we show that MITF inhibits melanoblast migration as a transcriptional repressor of a cell adhesion molecule, MCAM, which has originally been identified as a marker that distinguishes benign nevi from melanomas whose metastasis it promotes (6). MCAM is detected in several melanocytic cell lines (7, S20-S21), although its regulation and function are largely unexplored. Given the multiple target genes MITF regulates in melanocytes, it is not surprising that MITF is also involved in the regulation of MCAM. Nevertheless, most MITF target genes are stimulated by MITF, even though some, such as ZEB1 and SHC4, are apparently suppressed (8,9). Hence, our findings add MCAM to the list of MITF target genes that are negatively regulated by this multifunctional transcription factor.In sum, our results provide new evidence that MITF works as a transcriptional repressor to play a functional role in regulating melanoblast migration. This finding may have implications for our understanding of skin wound healing, melanocyte repopulation in vitiligo lesions and melanoma invasion and metastasis.
BackgroundForemost fine hairs in the frontal hairline region are critical in hair transplantation for hairline correction (HTHC) in women. However, there are few studies on a nonsurgical revisionary method for improving an unnatural foremost hairline with thick donor hairs resulting from a previous HTHC.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of using a hair removal laser (HRL) system to create fine hairs in Asian women with thick donor hairs.MethodsThrough a retrospective chart review, the HRL parameters, hair diameter (measured with a micrometer before and after the procedures), subjective results after the procedures, adverse effects, and the number of procedures were investigated. The reduction rate of the hair diameter was calculated.ResultsTwenty-four women who received long-pulse Neodymium-Doped:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet therapy after HTHC were included. The parameters were as follows: delivered laser energy, 35~36 J/cm2; pulse duration, 6 ms; and spot size, 10 mm. The mean number of laser sessions was 2.6. The mean hair diameter significantly decreased from 80.0±11.5 µm to 58.4±13.2 µm (p=0.00). The mean rate of hair diameter reduction was -25.7% (range, -44.6% to 5.7%). The number of laser sessions and the hair diameter after the procedures showed a negative correlation (r=-0.410, p=0.046). Most of the patients (87.5%) reported subjective improvement of their hairlines. Most complications were transient and mild.ConclusionHRL can be an alternative method for creating fine hairs and revising foremost hairline in Asian women with thick donor hairs.
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is the most common type of cutaneous melanoma in Asian populations. Traditionally, ALM was believed to have a poorer prognosis than other subtypes of cutaneous melanoma because of its aggressive behavior. However, in Asians, there have been several unusual case reports that have shown only subtle melanocytic proliferation despite clinically malignant manifestations. We performed a retrospective study of 13 patients with ALM. We reviewed the clinical histories, histopathologies, and immunohistochemical staining from these patients. Clinically, the lesions were characterized by a brown to black pigmented patch with irregular borders and variegated pigmentation on the sole, heel, or finger. Histopathologically, most specimens revealed only bland scattered proliferation of atypical melanocytes without marked cellular atypia or dermal invasion. However, some of the lesions were suspected to progress to the invasive stage, into the papillary dermis after a long period of time. Although cytological atypia of the melanocytes is not sufficient to ALM in situ, the melanocytic proliferation pattern, dermal inflammation, and correlation with clinical presentation would suffice in making the correct diagnosis of ALM in situ. In these cases, more biopsies of other areas should be recommended for the precise diagnosis and early complete excision in accordance with ALM in situ.
Background: Eyelashes of Asians differ from those of Caucasians in morphology and growth characteristics. Ethnic differences also exist for the tolerability profile of prostaglandin analogues. Objective: To evaluate the long-term utility and durability of bimatoprost 0.03% in eyelash augmentation in Asian females. Methods: One cohort received bimatoprost 0.03% for 36 weeks and another for 20 weeks, with the latter cohort followed for 16 weeks after treatment cessation. The primary endpoint was the percent change in eyelash length at week 20. Secondary measures included percent change in eyelash thickness and darkness, physician's Global Eyelash Assessment and patient satisfaction. Results: At week 20, eyelash length was enhanced in a time-dependent manner, with maximum improvement achieved (19.3%; p < 0.0001). Significant improvements in thickness and darkness were also achieved (22.9%, 6.0%; p < 0.0001). 77.8% of subjects improved by ≥1 grade on Global Eyelash Assessment, with 83.1% satisfied/very satisfied. Improvements were maintained with ongoing treatment to 36 weeks, while these effects were progressively lost with discontinuation. Conclusion: Bimatoprost 0.03% safely enhanced eyelashes in Asian females, maintained with ongoing treatment. Cessation of treatment was associated with progressive loss of effects.
Background Children's motor development is a crucial tool for assessing developmental levels, identifying developmental disorders early, and taking appropriate action. Although the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST) can accurately assess childhood development, its dependence on parental surveys rather than reliable, professional observation limits it. This study constructed a dataset based on a skeleton of recordings of K-DST behaviors in children aged between 20 and 71 months, with and without developmental disorders. The dataset was validated using a child behavior artificial intelligence (AI) learning model to highlight its possibilities. Results The 339 participating children were divided into 3 groups by age. We collected videos of 4 behaviors by age group from 3 different angles and extracted skeletons from them. The raw data were used to annotate labels for each image, denoting whether each child performed the behavior properly. Behaviors were selected from the K-DST's gross motor section. The number of images collected differed by age group. The original dataset underwent additional processing to improve its quality. Finally, we confirmed that our dataset can be used in the AI model with 93.94%, 87.50%, and 96.31% test accuracy for the 3 age groups in an action recognition model. Additionally, the models trained with data including multiple views showed the best performance. Conclusion Ours is the first publicly available dataset that constitutes skeleton-based action recognition in young children according to the standardized criteria (K-DST). This dataset will enable the development of various models for developmental tests and screenings.
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